Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm I ( Melicia) > Antiseizure drugs > Flashcards

Antiseizure drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is a seizure?

A

transient disturbance of cerebral function due to an abnormal paroxysmal neuronal discharge in the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dif. between epilepsy and seizures?

A

duration of sxs

Epilepsy: chronic, recurrent

Seizures: finite, resolves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 classifications of epileptic seizures?

A

focal seizures

generalized seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a focal onset seizure?

A

formerly partial seizure

start in an area or network on one side of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a generalized onset seizure?

A

affects both sides of the brain or large networks of cells on both sides from the beginning

doesn’t need to involve entire brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an unknown onset seizure?

A

if the beginning of seizure is not clear/observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Generalized absence seizure

A

consciousness impaired briefly

almost always begin in childhood, freq. cease by 20 y/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the types of focal seizures?

A

focal aware, focal impaired awareness, focal to bilateral tonic clonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define focal aware seizure

A

no change in person’s awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define focal impaired awareness

A

awareness is impaired during a focal seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define focal to bilateral tonic clonic seizure

A

focal seizure may start in one part of the brain with the person aware or with impaired awareness
spreads to involve both sides of the brain and person unaware during the seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is preferred in tx of seizures?

A

monotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When should ASDs be initiated?

A

in pts who have had two or more unprovoked seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some drugs that lower seizure threshold?

A

theophylline, alcohol, high dose phenothiazines, antidepressants, street drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When to consider stopping ASDs?

A

seizure free 2-4 yrs

complete seizure control within 1 yr

onset of seizure btwn 2-35 yrs old

+ normal neuro exam and EEG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 proposed MOA of seizure drug therapy?

A
  1. enhancement of GABAergic (inhibitory) transmission
  2. Decrease excitatory (usually glutamatergic) transmission
  3. Modification of ionic conductance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ethosuximide only works for..

A

Absence seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What drugs can be used in the tx of general absence seizures?

A

Ethosuximide**

Lamotrigine

Valporic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What drug alternatives can be used for refractory absence?

A

Clonazepam

Topriamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MOA of Ethosuximide?

A

Decreases VG-Ca2+ currents decreases glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ADEs of ethosuximide?

A

HA, blood dyscrasias, GI distress, drowsiness, rash

chronic: behavior changes

22
Q

Lamotrigine MOA?

A

Blocks Na+ and Ca2+ channels, decreases glutamate

23
Q

What can Lamotrigine be used for?

A

Generalized tonic-clonic

Focal aware/impaired

Focal or Generalized
Myoclonic

Generalized Absence

24
Q

Box warning for Lamotrigine?

A

serious skin rash- start low and go slow, diplopia

Other ADEs: HAs, dizziness

25
Q

Valporic acid MOA?

A

Alters synthesis and degradation of GABA

26
Q

What can valporic acid be used for?

A

Generalized tonic-clonic

Focal aware/impaired

Focal or Generalized Myoclonic

Generalized Absence

27
Q

Black box warning for Valporic Acid?

A

hepatotoxicity, teratogenic, pancreatitis, alopecia

other sxs: alopecia, nausea, weight gain

Dont give to women of child bearing age

28
Q

What meds are FDA approved for tonic clonic seizures?

A

Topiramate- US guidelines

Lamotrigine

Levatriacetam

Perampanel

29
Q

What meds are ineffective in absence seizures?

A

Phenytoin

Phenobarbitol

30
Q

What meds can aggravate absence seizures & therefore should be avoided?

A

carbamazepine

vigabatrin

gagapentin

tiagabin

31
Q

ADE of clonazepam?

A

Sedation

32
Q

ADEs of topiramate?

A

Cognitive slowing, confusion

33
Q

Carbamazepine box warning?

A

Serious derm rxns

HLA-B*1502 allele (TEN, SJS) in Asians

Aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis

Ataxia, diplopia, hyponatremia, MBD (Vit D & Ca)

34
Q

What drug can increase PR interval?

A

Lacosamide

35
Q

What med induces its own metabolism?

A

Carbamazepine

36
Q

ADEs of phenytoin?

A 
Ataxia
nystagmus
gingival hyperplasia
hirsutism
neuropathy
folate deficiency, MBD
37
Q

Phenytoin box warning?

A

Cardio risk associated w/ rapid infusion

38
Q

ADEs of phenybarbitol?

A

Sedation

Intellectual blunting

MBD

Behavior changes

39
Q

ADEs of both gabapentin & pregablin (Lyrica)?

A

Ataxia

Somnolence

Wt gain

40
Q

Vigabatrin box warning?

A

Permanent vision loss

41
Q

Perampanel box warning?

A

Serious psychiatric & behavioral rxns

42
Q

ADEs of tiagabine?

A

Concentration & attention difficulties

Behavioral disturbances

Increased appetite

43
Q

ADEs of levetiracetam?

A

Behavioral problems

HA

44
Q

ADEs of zonisamide?

A

Cognitive slowing

Paresthesia

Rash-sulfa based drugs

Kidney stones

Oligohydrosis

45
Q

What drugs interact w/ phenytoin?

A

Fluoxetine

Fluconazole

Digoxin

Isoniazid

OCPs

46
Q

What drugs interact w/ phenobarbitol?

A

Nifedipine

Theophylline

Verapamil

47
Q

What drugs interact w/ rifampin?

A

valporate & euthosuximide

48
Q

What drugs interact w/ carbamazepine?

A

Fluoxetine

Verapamil

Macrolides

Isoniazid

49
Q

What drug interacts w/ lamotrigine?

A

Sertraline

50
Q

What drugs interact w/ topiramate?

A

OCPs

Lithium?

Pharm I ( Melicia) (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions