pacrease by hadi

Question 1

This disease is characterized by the following morphological changes: (1) microvascular leakage causing edema, (2) necrosis of fat by lipases, (3) an acute inflammatory reaction, (4) proteolytic destruction of parenchyma, (5) destruction of blood vessels with hemorrhage

Answer 1

Acute pancreatitis

Question 2

Extensive pancreatic parenchymal necrosis accompanied by diffuse hemorrhage

Answer 2

Hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Question 3

Cardinal manifestation of acute pancreatitis

Answer 3

Abdominal pain

Question 4

Necrosis of pancreatic tissue affecting acinar and ductal tissues as well as the islets of Langerhans; vascular damage causes hemorrhage into the parenchyma.Macroscopically, the pancreas exhibits red-black hemorrhage interspersed with foci of yellow-white, chalky fat necrosis

Answer 4

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Question 5

Solitary, 2-30 cm lesions of the pancreas, formed by walling-off of areas with hemorrhagic fat necrosis.Composed of necrotic debris encased by fibrous walls of granulation tissue, and lacks epithelial lining

Answer 5

Pancreatic pseudocyst

Question 6

Characterized by parenchymal fibrosis, reduced number and size of acini, and variable dilation of the pancreatic ducts. With relative sparing of Islets of Langerhans. Ductal concretions are present.

Answer 6

Chronic pancreatitis

Question 7

Presents as painless, slow-growing cystic masses filled with thick, tenacious mucin, lined with columnar mucinous epithelium, associated with densely cellular stroma. Almost always arise in women

Answer 7

Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas

Question 8

Similar to mucinous cystic neoplasms but appear more frequently in men

Answer 8

intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas

Question 9

Most common location of pancreatic cancer

Answer 9

Head of pancreas

Question 10

Most common symptom of pancreatic carcinoma located at the tail and body of the gland?

Answer 10

None/Asymptomatic Since it does not impinge on the biliary tract, it may be quite large and widely disseminated by the time they are discovered

Question 11

Moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma forming abortive tubular structures or cell clusters and exhibiting an aggressive, deeply infiltrative growth pattern.

Answer 11

Pancreatic carcinoma

Question 12

Type of pancreatic carcinoma showing prominent acinar cell differentiation with zymogen granules and exocrine enzyme production.

Answer 12

Acinar cell carcinoma

Question 13

Type of pancreatic carcinoma with focal squamous differentiation in addition to glandular differentiation

Answer 13

Adenosquamous carcinomas

Question 14

What is the most common clinically significant congenital anomaly of the pancreas?

Answer 14

Pancreas Divisum(TOPNOTCH)

Question 15

This congenital abnormality develops embryologically when one portion of the ventral pancreatic primordium becomes fixed, while the other portion of this primordium is drawn around the duodenum

Answer 15

Annular Pancreas

Question 16

What is the cardinal manifestation of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 16

Abdominal Pain(TOPNOTCH

Question 17

The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is?

Answer 17

Excessive alcohol intake

Question 18

What is the most common cause of Chronic Pancreatitis?

Answer 18

Long term alcohol abuse(TOPNOTCH)

Question 19

This condition is characterized by parenchymal fibrosis, reduced number and size of acini with relative sparing of the islets of Langerhans, and variable dilation of the pancreatic ducts

Answer 19

Chronic Pancreatitis(TOPNOTCH)

Question 20

What is the most constant morphological feature of Chronic Pancreatitis?

Answer 20

Acinar Loss

Question 21

What is the most frequently altered oncogene in pancreatic cancer?

Answer 21

K-RAS

Question 22

What is the most frequently inactivated tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer?

Answer 22

p16

Question 23

What is the strongest environmental risk factor for developing Pancreatic Cancer?

Answer 23

Smoking

Question 24

What are the two characteristic features of Pancreatic Cancer?

Answer 24

Highly invasive and it elicits an intense non neoplastic host reaction called a desmoplastic response

Question 25

Where do Pancreatic cancers usually metastasize?

Answer 25

Lungs and bones

Question 26

This variant of Pancreatic cancer is characterized by formation of zymogen granules and the production of exocrine enzymes including trypsin and lipase

Answer 26

Acinar cell carcinoma

Question 27

What is the first symptom of pancreatic cancer?

Answer 27

Pain

Question 28

These structures are formed by the walling off of areas of peripancreatic hemorrhagic fat necrosis with fibrous tissue and are usually composed of central necrotic hemorrhagic material rich in pancreatic enzymes surrounded by non epithelial lined fbrous walls of granulation tissue

Answer 28

Pseudocyts

Question 29

These kinds of cyst account for 75% of cysts seen in the pancreas

Answer 29

pseudocyts

Question 30

Gross morphology: extensive parenchymal necrosis accompanied by diffuse hemorrhage within the substance of the gland

Answer 30

Hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Question 31

Morphology: Pancreas shows region of fat necrosis and focal pancreatic parenchymal necrosis

Answer 31

Acute pancreatitis

Question 32

What is the most important triggering event in acute pancreatitis?

Answer 32

Activation of trypsinogen and subsequent autodigestion of the pancreatic substances