pacrease by hadi Flashcards
This disease is characterized by the following morphological changes: (1) microvascular leakage causing edema, (2) necrosis of fat by lipases, (3) an acute inflammatory reaction, (4) proteolytic destruction of parenchyma, (5) destruction of blood vessels with hemorrhage
Acute pancreatitis
Extensive pancreatic parenchymal necrosis accompanied by diffuse hemorrhage
Hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Cardinal manifestation of acute pancreatitis
Abdominal pain
Necrosis of pancreatic tissue affecting acinar and ductal tissues as well as the islets of Langerhans; vascular damage causes hemorrhage into the parenchyma.Macroscopically, the pancreas exhibits red-black hemorrhage interspersed with foci of yellow-white, chalky fat necrosis
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis
Solitary, 2-30 cm lesions of the pancreas, formed by walling-off of areas with hemorrhagic fat necrosis.Composed of necrotic debris encased by fibrous walls of granulation tissue, and lacks epithelial lining
Pancreatic pseudocyst
Characterized by parenchymal fibrosis, reduced number and size of acini, and variable dilation of the pancreatic ducts. With relative sparing of Islets of Langerhans. Ductal concretions are present.
Chronic pancreatitis
Presents as painless, slow-growing cystic masses filled with thick, tenacious mucin, lined with columnar mucinous epithelium, associated with densely cellular stroma. Almost always arise in women
Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas
Similar to mucinous cystic neoplasms but appear more frequently in men
intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas
Most common location of pancreatic cancer
Head of pancreas
Most common symptom of pancreatic carcinoma located at the tail and body of the gland?
None/Asymptomatic Since it does not impinge on the biliary tract, it may be quite large and widely disseminated by the time they are discovered
Moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma forming abortive tubular structures or cell clusters and exhibiting an aggressive, deeply infiltrative growth pattern.
Pancreatic carcinoma
Type of pancreatic carcinoma showing prominent acinar cell differentiation with zymogen granules and exocrine enzyme production.
Acinar cell carcinoma
Type of pancreatic carcinoma with focal squamous differentiation in addition to glandular differentiation
Adenosquamous carcinomas
What is the most common clinically significant congenital anomaly of the pancreas?
Pancreas Divisum(TOPNOTCH)
This congenital abnormality develops embryologically when one portion of the ventral pancreatic primordium becomes fixed, while the other portion of this primordium is drawn around the duodenum
Annular Pancreas
What is the cardinal manifestation of acute pancreatitis?
Abdominal Pain(TOPNOTCH
The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is?
Excessive alcohol intake
What is the most common cause of Chronic Pancreatitis?
Long term alcohol abuse(TOPNOTCH)
This condition is characterized by parenchymal fibrosis, reduced number and size of acini with relative sparing of the islets of Langerhans, and variable dilation of the pancreatic ducts
Chronic Pancreatitis(TOPNOTCH)
What is the most constant morphological feature of Chronic Pancreatitis?
Acinar Loss
What is the most frequently altered oncogene in pancreatic cancer?
K-RAS
What is the most frequently inactivated tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer?
p16
What is the strongest environmental risk factor for developing Pancreatic Cancer?
Smoking
What are the two characteristic features of Pancreatic Cancer?
Highly invasive and it elicits an intense non neoplastic host reaction called a desmoplastic response
Where do Pancreatic cancers usually metastasize?
Lungs and bones
This variant of Pancreatic cancer is characterized by formation of zymogen granules and the production of exocrine enzymes including trypsin and lipase
Acinar cell carcinoma
What is the first symptom of pancreatic cancer?
Pain
These structures are formed by the walling off of areas of peripancreatic hemorrhagic fat necrosis with fibrous tissue and are usually composed of central necrotic hemorrhagic material rich in pancreatic enzymes surrounded by non epithelial lined fbrous walls of granulation tissue
Pseudocyts
These kinds of cyst account for 75% of cysts seen in the pancreas
pseudocyts
Gross morphology: extensive parenchymal necrosis accompanied by diffuse hemorrhage within the substance of the gland
Hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Morphology: Pancreas shows region of fat necrosis and focal pancreatic parenchymal necrosis
Acute pancreatitis
What is the most important triggering event in acute pancreatitis?
Activation of trypsinogen and subsequent autodigestion of the pancreatic substances
