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GI BY HADI Flashcards

1
Q

Lomgitudenal laceration

A

Mallory Weiss tears.

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2
Q

Tansmural

A

boerhaave

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3
Q

HSV

A

punched out

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4
Q

Resemble their sample

A

CVHD

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5
Q

Intestinal metaplasia in the eso squmamus *mucrin

A

barret

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6
Q

Distal third mass in eso

A

adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

Middle third

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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8
Q

Gray white plaqulike

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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9
Q

Ulcer base is brown and adjacent musoa is normal

A

stress related ulcer

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10
Q

Pit absesse

A

h.pylori

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11
Q

signet-ring

A

infiltrative adenocarcinoma.

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12
Q

linitus plastica (literally “leather bottle”)

A

infiltrative

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13
Q

plump and cohesive cells) or spindle cell type ktp1

A

GIST

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14
Q

flask-shaped ulcer

A

E. histolyca

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15
Q

Multiple flasklike pouches

A

Sigmoid Diverticulitis

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16
Q

Annular masses with “napkin-ring”:

A

Colorectal adenocarcinoma

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17
Q

microsatellite instability

A

colorectal adenocarcinoma

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18
Q

microsatellite instability

A

Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer

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19
Q

cauliflower-like mass, Frondlike villiform extensions

A

villous adenomas

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20
Q

Most common intestinal anomaly which results from the failure of involution of the omphalomesenteric duct, leaving a persistent blind-ended tubular protrusion as long as 5-6cm

A

Meckel diverticulium

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21
Q

most common site of angiodysplasia

A

cecum

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22
Q

Peptic Ulcers are located in what part of the GIT

A

first part of duodenum.

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23
Q

Most common site of tubular adenoma

A

colon

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24
Q

In gastritis, histologically, what signifies an active inflammation

A

neutrophils.

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25
Q

spindle cells with elongated nuclei with fine chromatin and eosinophilic fibrillar cytoplasm. (+) c-KIT gene mutation

A

GSIT

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26
Q

Protrusion of the stomach above the diaphragm bell-shaped dilation w hernia

A

sliding hernia

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27
Q

Hernia where in a portion of the stomach, usually along the greater curvature, enters the thorax through the widened space between the muscular crura

A

Paraesophgeal (rolling) hernia

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28
Q

Pearly white to gray, circumscribed thickenings of the oral mucosa, which grows in exophytic pattern to produce a visible and palpable nodular, eventually fungating lesions:

A

oral cavity carcinoma

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29
Q

nipple-like contains abundant crypts luned by well-differentiated goblet or epithelial cells

A

hyperplastic polyp

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30
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi

A

chaga

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31
Q

eosinophils in the epithelial layer, basal zone hyperplasia and elongation of lamina propria papillae are histologic findings in this condition

A

Reflux esophagitis

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32
Q

From luminal surface:Necrosis Inflammation + Granulation tissueScar

A

chronic, nonperforated, open ulcer

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33
Q

gastric carcinoma

A

Pylorus and antrum

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34
Q

Presence of eosinophils in the epithelial layer, basal zone hyperplasia and elongation of lamina propria papillae are histologic findings in this condition

A

reflux eso

35
Q

Defined as the replacement of the normal distal stratified squamous mucosa by metaplastic columnar epithelium containing goblet cells A complication of long-standing GERD.

A

Barret eso

36
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus commonly occur at which segment of the esophagus

A

Proximal 2/3 of the esophagus

37
Q

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus commonly occur at which segment of the esophagus

A

distal 1/3 of the esophagus

38
Q

Presence of chronic inflammatory changes in the mucosa of the stomach eventually leading to mucosal atrophy and epithelial metaplasia

A

Chronic gastritis

39
Q

Gastritis resulting from production of autoantibodies to the gastric gland parietal cells, leading to gland destruction and mucosal atrophy with loss of acid and intrinsic factor

A

Autoimmune atrophic gastritis

40
Q

acute mucosal inflammatory process of the stomach, marked by mucosal edema and inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils and chronic inflammatory 1cells. Regenerative replication of cells in the gastric pit is prominent.

A

Acute gastritis One of the major causes of hematemesis, especially in alcoholic

41
Q

A breach in the mucosa that extends through the muscularis mucosae into the submucosa or deeper.

42
Q

Breach in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal mucosa only.

43
Q

Chronic, solitary lesions that occur in any portion of the GIT exposed to the aggressive action of acidic peptic juices

A

Peptic ulcer

44
Q

Increases risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma:Acute gastritis vs. peptic ulcer disease

A

Acute gastritisPUD is NOT a premalignant lesio

45
Q

Acute gastric ulceration which occurs in the presence of injury to the CNS

A

Cushing ulcer

46
Q

Acute gastric ulceration which occurs in the presence of burns

A

curling ulcer

47
Q

Hsv test

A

tzanck test or smear

48
Q

Composed of hyperplastic gastric mucosal epithelium and an inflamed edematous stroma. A mass lesion arising from the mucosa

A

Gastric polyp

49
Q

Most common site of gastric carcinoma within the stomach.

A

Pylorus and antrum (50-60%), along the lesser curvature

50
Q

Three macroscopic growth patterns of gastric carcinoma

A

Exophytic - protrusion of mass into lumenFlat or depressed - no obvious tumor mass within the mucosaExcavated - a shallow or deeply eroded crater

51
Q

Rigid and thickened stomach, secondary to extensive malignant infiltration

A

Littnius plastic

52
Q

Histologic classification of gastric carcinoma composed of gastric-type mucous cells that do not form glands but permeate the mucosa and wall as “signet-ring” cells in an infiltrative growth pattern.

A

Diffuse variant

53
Q

A malignancy in the ovary that metastasized from a gastric adenocarcinoma

A

krukenberg

54
Q

Most common intestinal anomaly which results from the failure of involution of the omphalomesenteric duct, leaving a persistent blind-ended tubular protrusion as long as 5-6cm.

A

Meckel diverticulum

55
Q

No gangliong in co Ischemic lesion of the intestines which extends only up to the muscularis mucosae lon yooooo man

A

Hirschsprung disease

56
Q

Mucosal infarction Ischemic lesion of the intestines which extends only up to the

A

muscularis mucosae

57
Q

Ischemic lesion of the intestines involving the mucosa and submucosa, sparing the muscular wall.

A

Mural infarction

58
Q

Ischemic lesion of the intestines involving all of the visceral layers

A

Transmural

59
Q

Development of sudden abdominal pain out of proportion to the physical signs. Sometimes accomplanied by bloody diarrhea

A

May progress to shock and vascular collapse within hours. Ischemic bowl disease

60
Q

A blind pouch that communicates with the lumen of the gut. Histologically describes as small, flask-like or spherical outpouchings, usually 0.5 to 1 cm diameter

A

Diverticula

61
Q

Characterized by transmural inflammation of the bowel,

A

associated with noncaseating granulomas and fistula formation. Intestinal walls are rubbery and thick. (+) skip lesions, creeping fat mesentery crohn disease

62
Q

Ulcerative colitis An ulceroinflammatory disease of the colon which is limited to the mucosa and submucosa

A

No granulomas, no skip lesions. High risk of carcinoma development. crypt abscess and glandular architectural distortion

63
Q

Most common type of intestinal adenoma, which are tubular glands with slender stalks and raspberry-like heads composed pf neoplastic epithelium forming branching glands lined by tall, hyperchromatic cells.

A

Tubular adenomas

64
Q

Larger, more ominous intestinal epithelial polyp. Tends to occur in older persons at the rectum or rectosigmoid. Sessile, velvety and cauliflower-like mass projecting 1-3cm above the surrounding mucosa. Frondlike villiform extensions covered by dysplastic columnar epithelium

A

Villous adenoma

65
Q

Uncommon hamartomatous polyps associated with melanotic mucosal and cutaneous pigmentation. Caused by germ-line mutations in LKB1 gene

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

66
Q

Polypoid, exophytic masses that extend along the wall of capacious cecum and ascending colon. Symptoms of fatigue, weakness and iron deficiency anemia

A

Right sided colorectal carcinoma

67
Q

Annular, encircling lesions, “napkin-ring” constrictions of the bowel and narrowing of the lumen. Symptoms pf occult bleeding, changes in bowel habit or crampy left lower quadrant discomfort

A

left sided colorectal carcinoma

68
Q

Most common site of carcinoid tumors

69
Q

Carcinoid tumors Tumors arising from endocrine cells along the GIT. Solid, yellow-tan appearance on transection

A

Neoplastic cells have a scant, pink granular cytoplasm and a round-to-oval stippled nucleus.

70
Q

most common location of Mallory Weiss Tears

A

sophagogastric junction or in the proximal gastric

71
Q

peptic ulcer GIT is in

72
Q

What is the most common location of gastric ulcer?

A

Lesser curvature

73
Q

What is the most common primary source of gastric metastasis?

A

Systemic lymphoma

74
Q

Most adenomas are seen in what part of the GIT?

A

Ampulla of vater

75
Q

Most tubular adenomas are found in what part of the GIT?

76
Q

Morphology: thin wall composed of flattened or atrophic mucosa, compressed submucosa, and attenuated or totally absent muscularis propria

A

Colonic diverticula

77
Q

What is the most common site of angiodysplasia

78
Q

What area of the GIT is at greatest risk of ischemic injury

A

splenic fluxre

79
Q

What is the earliest lesion seen in Crohn Disease

A

Focal neutrophilic infiltration into the epithelial layer, particularly overlying mucosal lymphoid aggregates

80
Q

narrowing of lumen, bowel wall thickening, serosal extension of mesenteric fat, and linear ulceration of the mucosal surface

81
Q

Morphology: diffuse severe atrophy and blunting of villi, with a chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria

82
Q

Morphology: focal crypt cell necrosis or apoptosis with minimal to absent inflammatory cell response in the lamina propria

A

Acute GVHD

83
Q

Morphology: marked blunting of the small intestinal villi with a mixed inflammatory infiltrate resembling the atrophic stage of celiac disease

A

giardiasis

84
Q

Morphology: small intestinal mucosa usually exhibits modestly shortened villi and infiltration of the lamina propria by lymphocytes

A

viral gastroentertits

pathology (15 decks)

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