packet 1 part 3

Question 1

trachea/windpipe

Answer 1

air enters here through larynx

about 4 inches long, connect larynx with bronchi

mucosa is pseudostratified ciliated epithelium and goblet cells

Question 2

cilia in trachea

Answer 2

beat continously in opposite direction of incoming air

expels mucus w/ dust + debris away from lungs to throat, where it is swallowed or spat out

Question 3

walls of trachea

Answer 3

reinforced with 16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 4

carina

Answer 4

last tracheal ring: point where trachea branches into 2 bronchi

sensitive area, triggers violent cough if foreign object makes contact with it

Question 5

purpose of trachea rings

Answer 5

1. open parts of rings surround esophagus and allow it to expand anteriorly when we swallow large food
2. solid portions support trachea walls and keep it open despite pressure changes w/ breathing

Question 6

tracheal obstruction

Answer 6

life-threatening because it is only air passageway to lungs

many have suffocated after choking on piece of food that suddenly closed off trachea/glottis/larynx

Question 7

heimlich maneuver

Answer 7

procedure in which air in person’s lungs is used to expel obstructing piece of food

life saving, simple + easy, but can crack ribs if not done properly

Question 8

tracheostomy

Answer 8

surgical opening of trachea for cases of obstructed breathing is done to provide alternate for air to reach the lungs

Question 9

effects of tracheostomy

Answer 9

causes large amounts of mucus to form in those who have gotten this surgery bc of irritated trachea

must be suctioned frequently to prevent mucus from pooling in lungs

Question 10

effects of smoking

Answer 10

inhibits ciliary activity and destroys them

coughing is only way to prevent mucus from accumulating in lungs, smokers should aboid cough-reflex inhibiting meds

Question 11

right and left main bronchi

Answer 11

formed by division of trachea

each enters lung on own side at hilus (medial depression)

air that enters bronchi is warm, cleansed, and well humidified

Question 12

right bronchus

Answer 12

wider, shorter, + straighter than left

more common site for inhaled foreign object to get lodged

Question 13

secondary/lobar bronchi

Answer 13

bronchi subdivide into these, each of which conducts air to and from one lung lobe

break off into tertiary/segmental bronchi in each lobe which branch smaller and smaller

Question 14

bronchioles

Answer 14

smallest branches of bronchi

terminal bronchioles end in alveoli (300 million per lung)

Question 15

respiratory tree divisons

Answer 15

primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioli, terminal bronchioli

all except smallest branches (have elastic fibers) have reinforcing cartilage in walls

mucosal epithelium changes from pseudostratified columnar to columnar to cuboidal in terminal bronchi

SMM increases as passageways become smalelr