packet 1 part 1

Question 1

organs of respiratory system

Answer 1

nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs + alveoli

Question 2

functions of respiratory system RS

Answer 2

oversees gas exchange between blood and external environment which takes

place in lungs in alveoli
passageways to lungs purify, warm, and humidify air

Question 3

nose

Answer 3

only external part of RS

air enters through external nares

Question 4

external nares

Answer 4

nostrils

Question 5

interior of nose

Answer 5

nasal cavity divided by nasal septum

Question 6

nasal septum

Answer 6

made of vomer bone, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, septal cartilage

Question 7

vestibule/entrance of nose

Answer 7

lining skin w/ sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles

Question 8

vibrissae

Answer 8

hairs in nose filter coarse particles from air

Question 9

rest of cavity

Answer 9

covered by olfactory mucosa and resp. mucosa

Question 10

olfactory mucosa

Answer 10

located in superior surface of nasal cavity beneath ethmoid bone

has olfactory receptors

Question 11

resp. mucosa

Answer 11

made of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

secrete antibody defensins

drive contaminated mucus towards throat to be swallowed

epithelium contains goblet cells

Question 12

goblet cells in resp. mucosa

Answer 12

unicellular exocrine glands

secrete mucin which becomes mucus when mixed w/ water

Question 13

lamina propria in resp. mucosa

Answer 13

underlines epithelium

supplied with mucous glands which secrete mucus

have serous glands

rests on rich network of thin walled veins that warm air as it flows past

Question 14

serous glands

Answer 14

secrete water fluid containing lyzozymes which are antibacterial

Question 15

superficial location of thin veins

Answer 15

prone to nosebleeds

Question 16

ciliated cells of resp. mucosa

Answer 16

create gentle current that moves contaminated current posteriorly towards pharynx (throat) to be swallowed and digested by stomach juices

Question 17

runny nose

Answer 17

cilia become sluggish on cold days allowing accumulation of mucus in cavity which causes runny noses

Question 18

sneezes

Answer 18

sensitive nerve endings in nasal mucosa

irritated by dust, pollen, etc is violently forced out

Question 19

conchae

Answer 19

3 mucosa covered bony projections

make lateral walls of nasal cavity uneven

Question 20

conchae functions

Answer 20

increases surface area of mucosa exposed to air

increases air turbulence within nasal cavity which prevents debris from reaching lungs

allows time to heat + moisturize air that enters nose

reclaims heat and moisture during exhalation so you can survive in dry/cold climates

Question 21

nasal cavity is separated from oral cavity by palate

Answer 21

anterior hard palate: bone

posterior soft palate: muscle

Question 22

paranasal sinuses

Answer 22

cavities within bones surrounding the nasal cavity:

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary bones

Question 23

function of paranasal sinuses

Answer 23

lighten skull

act as resonance

chambers for speech
produce mucus that drains into nasal cavity

Question 24

drainage of sinuses

Answer 24

suctioning effect of nose blowing drains sinuses

nasolacrimal ducts that drain tears from eyes also empty into nasal cavities

Question 25

cause of rhinitis

Answer 25

inflammation of nasal mucosa caused by cold viruses + other allergens

Question 26

effects of rhinitis

Answer 26

excessive mucus produced causes nasal congestion and postnasal drip bc nasal mucosa is continuous with resp. tract and extends into nasolacrimal ducts + paranasal sinuses, infections spread there also

Question 27

sinusitis/sinus inflammation

Answer 27

difficult to treat | marked changes in voice quality

Question 28

causes of sinusitis

Answer 28

passageways connecting the sinuses to nasal cavity are blocked with mucus or infectious matter

Question 29

effects of sinusitis

Answer 29

air in sinus cavities is absorbed into blood stream results in partial vacuum and sinus headache near inflamed area vacuum can pull fuilds from blood stream bacteria can thrive in these fluids, more inflammation