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anatomy + physiology II: respiratory system > packet 1 part 1 > Flashcards

packet 1 part 1 Flashcards

organs of resp. system, function of resp. system, the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, rhinitis + sinusitis

1
Q

organs of respiratory system

A 
nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs + alveoli
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2
Q

functions of respiratory system RS

A

oversees gas exchange between blood and external environment which takes

place in lungs in alveoli
passageways to lungs purify, warm, and humidify air

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3
Q

nose

A

only external part of RS

air enters through external nares

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4
Q

external nares

A

nostrils

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5
Q

interior of nose

A

nasal cavity divided by nasal septum

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6
Q

nasal septum

A

made of vomer bone, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, septal cartilage

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7
Q

vestibule/entrance of nose

A

lining skin w/ sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles

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8
Q

vibrissae

A

hairs in nose filter coarse particles from air

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9
Q

rest of cavity

A

covered by olfactory mucosa and resp. mucosa

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10
Q

olfactory mucosa

A

located in superior surface of nasal cavity beneath ethmoid bone

has olfactory receptors

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11
Q

resp. mucosa

A

made of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

secrete antibody defensins

drive contaminated mucus towards throat to be swallowed

epithelium contains goblet cells

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12
Q

goblet cells in resp. mucosa

A

unicellular exocrine glands

secrete mucin which becomes mucus when mixed w/ water

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13
Q

lamina propria in resp. mucosa

A

underlines epithelium

supplied with mucous glands which secrete mucus

have serous glands

rests on rich network of thin walled veins that warm air as it flows past

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14
Q

serous glands

A

secrete water fluid containing lyzozymes which are antibacterial

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15
Q

superficial location of thin veins

A

prone to nosebleeds

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16
Q

ciliated cells of resp. mucosa

A

create gentle current that moves contaminated current posteriorly towards pharynx (throat) to be swallowed and digested by stomach juices

17
Q

runny nose

A

cilia become sluggish on cold days allowing accumulation of mucus in cavity which causes runny noses

18
Q

sneezes

A

sensitive nerve endings in nasal mucosa

irritated by dust, pollen, etc is violently forced out

19
Q

conchae

A

3 mucosa covered bony projections

make lateral walls of nasal cavity uneven

20
Q

conchae functions

A

increases surface area of mucosa exposed to air

increases air turbulence within nasal cavity which prevents debris from reaching lungs

allows time to heat + moisturize air that enters nose

reclaims heat and moisture during exhalation so you can survive in dry/cold climates

21
Q

nasal cavity is separated from oral cavity by palate

A

anterior hard palate: bone

posterior soft palate: muscle

22
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

cavities within bones surrounding the nasal cavity:

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary bones

23
Q

function of paranasal sinuses

A

lighten skull

act as resonance

chambers for speech
produce mucus that drains into nasal cavity

24
Q

drainage of sinuses

A

suctioning effect of nose blowing drains sinuses

nasolacrimal ducts that drain tears from eyes also empty into nasal cavities

25
Q

cause of rhinitis

A

inflammation of nasal mucosa caused by cold viruses + other allergens

26
Q

effects of rhinitis

A

excessive mucus produced causes nasal congestion and postnasal drip

bc nasal mucosa is continuous with resp. tract and extends into nasolacrimal ducts + paranasal sinuses, infections spread there also

27
Q

sinusitis/sinus inflammation

A

difficult to treat

marked changes in voice quality

28
Q

causes of sinusitis

A

passageways connecting the sinuses to nasal cavity are blocked with mucus or infectious matter

29
Q

effects of sinusitis

A

air in sinus cavities is absorbed into blood stream

results in partial vacuum and sinus headache near inflamed area

vacuum can pull fuilds from blood stream

bacteria can thrive in these fluids, more inflammation

anatomy + physiology II: respiratory system (6 decks)

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