packet 1 part 2 Flashcards
pharynx, tonsillitis, larynx, epiglottis + glottis, sound production, laryngitis
pharynx or throat
muscular passage about 5 inches long
from nasal cavity to larynx
base of skull to 6th cervical vertebrae
has three regions
- nasopharynx
superior region of pharynx behind nasal cavity
pseudostratified ciliated epithelium continues into this
air from nasal cavity enters nasopharynx and enters oropharynx
auditory tube enters into lateral walls of nasopharynx
- oropharynx
middle region of pharynx behind oropharynx
food enters here and travels down with air
epithelium changes from pseudostratified columnar to stratified squamous
- laryngopharynx
inferior region
common passageway for air + food
has stratified squamous
air from here enters larynx
food from here enters esophagus
structure of pharynx: auditory (pharyngotympanic) tubes
drain middle ear + enter nasopharynx
mucosae of two regions is continuous, ear infections like otitis media may follow a sore throat or other types of pharyngeal infections
structures of pharynx: tonsils
pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
high on posterior wall in nasopharynx
palatine tonsils in oropharynx
on either side at posterior end of oral cavity
lingual tonsils
base of tongue
tubal tonsils
arches over openings of auditory tubes into pharynx
causes of tonsillitis
if pharyngeal tonsil becomes inflamed and swollen like during a bacterial infection it forces person to be a mouth breather
air is not properly moistened, warmed, filtered before reaching lungs
effects of tonsillitis
may infect palatine tonsils in oropharynx
many children seem to have it continuously
previously believed that tonsils were too much trouble and were removed, but use antibiotics stopped this
larynx or voice box
inferior to pharynx
below hyoid bone
abt. 2 inches long
made of epiglottis
function of larynx
routes air and food into proper channels
plays role in speech
epiglottis
eight rigid hyaline cartilages and single spoon shaped flap of elastic cartilage
3 paired, 3 unpaired
structures of larynx: one thyroid cartilage
largest hyaline cartilage
protrudes anteriorly as adam’s apple
fucntion: protects vocal folds/cords which are located behind
adam’s apple
more prominent in males than in females because two laminae (thin cartilage) of thyroid cartilage meet at angle of 90 degrees in a male and 120 degrees in females
structures of larynx: arytenoid cartilages
dorsal to thyroid cartilage
function: vocal cord attachment site
structures of larynx: one cricoid cartilage
shaped like signet ring
inferior to thyroid cartilage in neck
median cricothyroid ligament joins it medially
cricothyroid joints joints it postero-laterally
structures of larynx: two cuneiform cartilages
give additional support to epiglottis
structures of larynx: two corniculate cartilages
on top of arytenoid cartilages
structures of larynx: epiglottis
only elastic cartilage
superior opening of larynx
protects superior opening of larynx
functions of epiglottis
routes food to esophagus and air towards trachea
when not swallowing epiglottis allows air to pass into lower respiratory passages
when we swallow epiglottis forms lid over opening of larynx which routes food into esophagus
cough reflex
if anything other than food enters larynx this is triggered to expel it and prevent it from going into lungs
does not work when you are unconscious, do not give fluids to revive someone
vocal cords
vibrate with expelled air to create sound
part of mucous membrane of larynx composed largely of elastic fibers forms pair of folds called vocal folds (true vocal cords)