Packaging Flashcards
Glass types (example)
- characteristics
- for what
- Type 1 glass (borosilicate glass)
- inert, resistant to temp changes, expensive
- package ampoules/vials for parenteral products & slightly acidic solutions - Type 2 glass
- glass’s surface treated to reduce no. of ions that leach out from the glass
- for solutions buffered to remain below pH 7 - Type 3 glass
- lower grade
- not suitable for liquid parenteral preparations
Plastic types
- PET
- syrup bottle, alternative to glass
- for liquid - PET wide mouth tablet bottle
- excellent barrier
- reduced env. impacts - PVC
- for liquids - High grade polystyrene
- for solids (tablets) - wide neck PP & HDPE
- for solid meds
Two forms of metal
- soft form for tubes
- hard form for cans
Things to consider when choosing plastic bottle
- shape
- rounded, square, flat area for labelling - wide neck
- required for fast filling of tablets - for liquids or solids
- liquids require higher grade plastics to avoid leaching of chemicals
different uses of metal
can, pouches, blister backs, closures, collar/neck of injection vials (part with rubber stopper), tubes (collapsible metal tubes)
uses of laminates and what is it
- sachets, blister packs, tubes
- made by bonding together 2+ layers of different materials.
- 장점
1) minimum amount of each material - cost effective
2) combine desirable properties of different materials into single packaging.
paper advantages disadvantages
advantages
1. cheap, readily available
2. non toxic, easily recycled
3. can readily tear or cut,
4. can be rigid and strong (cartons)
5. cushion and protect primary pack
6. deadfold – cartons, bags, PIL to be made
7. can tailor properties of paper for need
disad
- no barrier
- moisture sensitive
- cannot cold/heat seal = must use adhesive
- not transparent
rubber is =
source
rubber is an elastomer
-rubber closures are held by Al cap
source
1. natural = rubber trees.
2 synthetic= petrochemicals
properties
1. not totally inert
2. permeable
3. absorb/adsorb medicine
4. can leach out
when choosing rubber must consider
- physical properties
- mechanical properties (elasticity, hardness, tendency to shed particles, coring)
- compatibility with drugs
- effect of product processing on rubber - sterilisation
- ability to contain product =seal strength
- handling of package
- high needle penetration
- hole reseal
packaging for product stabilty
- being compatible w/ product -must not show
1) sorption (adsorption / absorption)
- 약 –> 병: reduced potency, stability
- 병 –> 약: drug degradation
2) solvent loss
- not permeable - protection against atmospheric hazards
1) extreme temp = degradation
2) light = energy for drug isomer to change its configuration
3) moisture
- microbial growth
- hydrolysis
- dilution or wetting
4) oxygen = drug degradation by oxidation
5) CO2 = lower pH
6) particulates
7) biological hazards
protection against the hazards metohd
- choose appropriate packaging material
- inclusion of sbs to remove hazards
- desiccants: remove moisture
–> separately exist, or integrated within container closures, or moisture barrier technology integrated within container walls
- oxygen absorbers
role of secondary tertiary pack - for stability of product
- protect against atmospheric factors
- mechanical hazards
repackage example
MCA = multi compartment compliance aids
- aid adherence
repackaging - consider
for what
- errors
- stability
- cleanliness
- cross contamination
- shelf life
- legal aspects
usually for solid = tablets, capsules
but can be liquids = methadone
packaging and safe medicine use - problem & solution
- LASA
- same medicine different packagng
- global standardisaiton of packaging
- choose medicine names least likely to confuse with existing meds
- easy to read packaging design
- aligned text for easy reading
- TALLMAN LETTERING IN LASA
- Ensure company logo doesn’t beak text
- create space on packs for label
- match sytle of primary and secondary packaging
- sufficient size labels on packaging
