Pack 4 - who joined the first crusade and why Flashcards
Where and when was the first crusade preached
Clermont - thousands
Nov 1095
What did the pope say to persuade people to go
Slaughter & oppression of Christians in the east
Churches were attacked & damaged
Rich and the poor in the west could now help + end civil war in own countries
Who responded & why
Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy - knew what urban was going to say, became leader
How did everyone else respond
Interrupted speech by shouting deus vult
Cut up clothes in shape of cross
How did urban guarantee as many people as possible would join the crusade
Preaching coincided with saints day & important festivals
Toured northern France to seek recruits and wrote letters requesting support
How many people joined the main crusade
100,208
8 princes
- 200 lords, wealthy
6000 knights
22,000 well-equipped foot soldiers with own weapons
22,000 poorer foot soldiers who were given weapons by lords
50,000 camp followers including wives, children, prostitutes, servants etc
Count Hugh of vermandois
Brother of king Philip of France
Agreed to go to show kings loyalty to the pope
Kings argument with pope urban after committing adultery
Count Robert II of flanders
Close connections with Constantinople
Robert I - father had been on pilgrimage in 1089, friends with Alexius
- sent 500 knights 1090
After fathers death, felt duty to help
Knew how richly the emperor rewarded
Duke Godfrey of bouillon
Owned lands in German empire
Fought for German emperor against papacy
Devout Christians
Took monks as religious advisers
Prince bohemund of taranto
Son of Robert the cunning
Fought alongside father against Alexius
Expected to gain land in Balkans but failed
Didnt inherit fathers lands
Eager to gain land
Bishop Adhemar of le puy
Close friend & supporter of urban
Devout Christian & excellent soldier
Made representative on crusade
Asked to chair the council of all princes that jointly decided on strategy
Count Raymond of Toulouse
Oldest, richest, most experienced
Close friend & supporter of pope
First prince to agree to join
Deeply religious but proud & stubborn
Wanted to die in holy land
Sold all lands to take group w/him
Count Stephen of blois
Son-in-law of William the conqueror
Not very good soldier
Wrote poetry, highly educated
Devoted to religious wife, Adela
- may have joined to please her
Duke Robert of Normany
Son of William the conqueror
Brother of William II of England
Constant dispute with brother
William provided funds to allow Robert to join crusade
What type of people were in charge
Senior nobles or princes, counts etc
Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy overall leader
Person religious reasons for joining
Fear of hell combined with a violent culture in 11th century
Christians of all ranks sought forgiveness of sin through penance
Pope offered ultimate penance - remission of sin - motivated many to take the cross
Pope exaggerated plight of Christians living in the Near East and some western Christians felt a personal obligation to help
Jerusalem as reason for joining
Place of the crucifixion of christ
Under muslim control since 7th century
Place of last judgement for Christians
Primogeniture as reason for joining
Eldest son inherits family lands
Urban promised that those who went on the crusade would keep possession of any lands conquered
Younger sons became more likely to join - possessed no estates that would occupy their time & produce an income
Nobles not expected to work for a living
Material gain as reason for joining
Urban had promised that you would be able to keep possession of the land conquered
Social reasons as reasons for joining
Obliged to follow their master of family
Offered good opportunities to work and escape famine ridden Europe
