crusades knowledge test Flashcards
which pope called the first crusade
pope urban ii
when and where did he call the first crusade
Council of Clermont, Nov 1095
list four reasons why the pope called the first crusade
to enhance papal power
reform society/ deflect knightly violence out of Europe
recapture jerusalem for christianity & make pilgrimage easier
respond to alexius call for help
who was the investiture contest between
German Emperor Henry IV and the papacy (Gregory VII and then Urban II)
what year was the battle of Manzikert
1071
who was the battle of manzikert between
seljuk turks and byzantine empire
name one leader of the peoples crusade
peter the hermit
walter sans avoir
count emicho
2 reasons why the peoples crusade failed
set out at wrong time of year in spring and ran out of food
poor and uncoordinated leadership
very few trained knights
name 4 leaders of the first crusade
godfrey of bouillon
baldwin of boulogne
raymond of tolouse
stephen of bloid
robert of normandy
hugh of vermandois
robert of flanders
bohemond of taranto
bishop adhemar of le puy
what time of year did the first crusade set out and why
late summer/autumn as it was harvest time
events in chronological order
oath to alexius
siege of nicea
battle of dorylaeum
siege of antioch
capture of jerusalem
battle of ascalon
Who was the leader of the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Dorylaeum
Kilij Arslan
Who was the leader of the Muslim army that besieged the crusaders when they were trapped inside Antioch
Kerbogha
Which crusader leader left the crusade in March 1098 and why?
Baldwin of Boulogne to conquer Edessa because his wife died, leaving him with no land as it all reverted to her family
What did the crusaders find at Antioch that inspired them to fight the Muslims?
the holy lance
list three things that contributed to muslim disunity
lack of strong leader after the death of malik shah > power vacuum
religious divide between sunni and shia islam
political divide between fatimids, abbasids and seljuk turks
dormancy of jihad
What tactic did Godfrey use to win the city of Jerusalem?
moved a siege tower under cover of darkness to a less well defended part of walls
What did Godfrey do after the crusaders took Jerusalem that helped them secure the city for the Franks?
ambushed and defeated the fatimid relief army at ascalon before they could reach jerusalem
what title did godfrey take in 1099
advocate of the holy sepulchre
another name for the crusader states
Outremer
name the four crusader states
kingdom of jerusalem
county of edessa
principality of Antioch
county of tripoli
list the first three leaders of the kingdom of jerusalem and the dates they ruled
Godfrey 1099-1100
Baldwin I 1100-1118
Baldwin II 1118-1131
name 3 ports captured by the franks and the years they were captured
Caesarea 1101; Arsuf 1101
acrea 1104
beirut 1110; sidon 1110
tyre 1124
When was the Battle of Harran, who was it between and who won?
1104
between the franks of antioch and edessa and the seljuk turkish warlords of mosul and mardin
seljuk turks won and baldwin ii of edessa was captured