Pack 2D definitions

Question 1

hydrolysis

Answer 1

a reaction with water or aqueous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound in to 2 compounds.
In halogenoalkanes this occurs by nucleophilic substitution where the nucleophile (H2O, OH-, NH3) replaces the halogen. this reaction is carried out under reflux.

Question 2

reflux

Answer 2

the continuous boiling and condensing of a mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry.

Question 3

nucleophilic substitution

Answer 3

a type of substitution reaction in which a nucleophile is attracted to an electron deficient center or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond, and by doing so it replaces an atom or a group of atoms.

Question 4

percentage yield

Answer 4

actual amount, in mol, of product
—————————————————– x 100
theoretical amount, in mol, of product

Question 5

limiting reagent

Answer 5

the substance in a chemical reaction that runs out first

Question 6

atom economy

Answer 6

molecular mass of desired product
—————————————————— x 100
sum of molecular masses of all products