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as chemistry > module 1 > Flashcards

module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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2
Q

atomic n.o

A

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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3
Q

mass n.o

A

number of particles (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus

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4
Q

ion

A

positively or negatively charged atom

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5
Q

relative isotopic mass

A

the mass of an isotope compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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6
Q

relative atomic mass Ar

A

the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12 of an atom of carbon-12

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7
Q

relative molecular mass Mr

A

the weighted mean mass of a molecule compared with 1/12 of an atom of carbon-12

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8
Q

relative formula mass

A

the weighted mean mass of a formula unit (empirical formula) compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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9
Q

amount of substance

A

the quantity whose unit is the mole. ‘amount of substance’ is a means of counting atoms.

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10
Q

the Avogadro constant Na

A

the number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotope (6.02 x 10^23 mol^-1)

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11
Q

mole

A

the amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon 12 isotope.

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12
Q

molar mass

A

the mass per mole of a substance g-mol^-1

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13
Q

empirical formula

A

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound

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14
Q

molecule

A

a small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

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15
Q

the molecular formula

A

the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

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16
Q

molar volume

A

this is the volume per mole of gas. dm^3 mol^-1
At rtp molar volume is 24.0 dm^3 mol^-1

volume(dm^3) = n.o moles x 24

volume(cm^3) = n.o moles x 24000

17
Q

concentration

A

the amount of solute in mol dissolved per 1dm^3 (1000cm^3) of solution.

18
Q

standard solution

A

a solution of known concentration. normally used in titrations to determine unknown information about another substance.

19
Q

species

A

a type of particle that takes place in a chemical reaction

20
Q

stochiochemistry

A

the molar relationship between relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction

21
Q

acid

A

a species that is a proton donor

all acids contain hydrogen, when added to water, acids release this hydrogen as H+ ions (protons)

22
Q

base

A

a species that is a proton acceptor

23
Q

alkali

A

a base dissolved in water, forming hydroxide ions

NaOH(s) + aq —-> Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

e.g. NaOH, KOH, NH3

24
Q

salt

A

a chemical compound formed from an acid when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion such as the ammonium ion NH4+

25
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion

26
Q

anion

A

negatively charged ion

27
Q

hydrated

A

refers to a crystalline compound containing water molecules

28
Q

anhydrous

A

refers to a substance that contains no water molecules

29
Q

water of crystallisation

A

refers to water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound

30
Q 
methyl orange 
colour changes:
acid...
base...
neutral...
A

colour changes:

acid. ..red
base. ..yellow
neutral. ..orange

31
Q 
bromothymol blue
colour changes:
acid...
base...
neutral...
A

colour changes:

acid. ..yellow
base. ..blue
neutral. ..green

32
Q 
phenolphthalein
colour changes:
acid...
base...
neutral...
A

colour changes:

acid. ..colourless
base. ..pink
neutral. ..pale pink

33
Q

oxidation number

A

a measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element

34
Q

oxidation

A

loss of electrons
or
increase in oxidation n.o

35
Q

reduction

A

a gain of electrons
or
decrease in oxidation n.o

36
Q

reducing agent

A

a reagent that reduces (adds electrons to) another species.

37
Q

oxidsing agent

A

a reagent that oxidises (takes electrons) from another species.

as chemistry (6 decks)

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