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MOL 25 > pack > Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A
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2
Q

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

A

All the B’s + C+ Folate + Biotin

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3
Q

What are the causes and symptoms of B2/Riboflavin def?

A

Cause: Malnutrtion

Symptoms: Symptoms:
cheilosis(inflammation of the lips and scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth)
magenta-colored tongue (glossitis)
corneal vascularization

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4
Q

What is the vitamin that is required in high amounts compared to other vitamins?

A

Niacin/B3

bc you have to sleep well

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of B3 def?

A

B3 def can cause Pellarga (Dementia/ Diarreha/Dermatitis)

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6
Q

What are the side affects of High does of Niacin/B3?

A

Niacin toxicity:

Facial flushing

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7
Q

What is the name of B6?

A

Pyroxidal phosphate

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8
Q

What are the three types of B6/Pyridoxal phosphate?

A

Pyridoxine (plants)

Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine (animals)

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9
Q

What is B6/Pyridoxal phosphate used to synthesize?

A

γ-aminolevulinic acid which is a precursor of heme

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10
Q

What does a def in B6 cause?

A

sideroblastic anemia

Iron cannot be incorporated into heme
Iron accumulates in RBC cytoplasm

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11
Q

What is the relation between B6/Pyridoxal phosphate and isoniazid TB drug?

A

Isoniazid (INH) is a tuberculosis drug
Similar to B6 structure
Forms inactive pyridoxal phosphate
Result in B6 deficiency
Must supplement B6 when taking INH

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12
Q

What is another name for B12?

A

Cobalamin

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13
Q

What is cobalamin/B12 used for?

A

It is used for Thymdine synthesis

used in metabolism of homocysteine (methionine metabolism)

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14
Q

What happens bc Deficiency of B12?

A

Deficiency of B12: ↓ DNA synthesis (megaloblastic anemia)

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15
Q

What is another name for Vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic acid

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16
Q

What does Vitamin C/ Ascoribic acid do in relation with fe+2?

A

Increases its absorbtion in the intestine by keeping it in the reduced state

17
Q

How is Vitamin C/ascorbic acid related to collagen formation?

A

Required for collagen synthesis
essential for hydroxylation of proline and lysine
Cofactor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases
addition of hydroxyl group allows for hydrogen bonding between fibers
without cross-linking triple helix shape cannot form

18
Q

What are the symptoms of scurvy?

A

fragile blood vessels
swollen bleeding gums
perifollicular hemorrhage
poor wound healing
easy bruising (ecchymosis)

19
Q

What type of reactions is bitotin involved in?

What inhibts it?

A

Involved in ATP dependent carboxylation reactions: pyruvate carboxylase
Produced by gut microflora
Deficiencies are rare
Consuming 6 raw eggs a day can cause deficiencies due to the presence avidin (biotin binding protein)

20
Q

Are Water-soluble vitamins stored in the body?

A

No, except for folate and B12

21
Q

What is the different types of vitamin A?

A

They are Retinoids:
Retinol: A primary alcohol
Retinal: An aldehyde derived from the oxidation of retinol
Retinoic acid: Carboxilic acid derived from the oxidation of Retinal.
b-Carotene: Plant form

22
Q

Vitamin A is used to treat what?

A

Psoriasis

Leukemia

Severe acne

23
Q

What does Vitamin A def cause?

A

Night blindness

xerophthalmia, a pathologic dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea

24
Q

What form of vitamin A is used to treat acne?

A

Isotretnoin (Roaccutane)

13-cis-retinoic acid

Causes dryness of skin

25
Q

What is the inactive and active form of Vitamin D3 called? How is it activated?

A

Inactive: 7-dehydrochlestrol

It is activated by:

In the liver: 25- hydroxylation (calcidiol)

In the kidney: 1-hydroxylation (Calcitriol)

Active form: 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol

26
Q

What is the conversion of 7-dehydrocholestrol to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol regulated by in the kidney?

A

Parathyroid hormone

27
Q

What are the two types of vitamin D def?

A

Rickets: in children

Osteomalacia: In adults

28
Q

What is another name for vitamin E?

A

Tocopherol

29
Q

What are the types of vitamin E/tocepherol? Which one is used in humans?

A

Types: From Alpha till theta tocepherol

Used in humans: a-tocepherol

30
Q

What is the function of vitamin E?

A

Vitamin E is an antioxidant
Stops the chain reaction of free radicals
Protects the oxidation of LDLs

30
Q

What is are the forms of Vitamin K?

A

phylloquinone, menaquinone, and menadione

31
Q

What is the function of Vitamin K?

A

Blood Klotting

MOL 25 (4 decks)

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