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Pharmacology III > PA GI (Exam #3) > Flashcards

PA GI (Exam #3) Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What are two examples of Antacids?

A
  • Calcium Carbonate (TUMS)

- Magnesium Hydroxide/Aluminum Hydroxide (Maalox)

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2
Q

What is the name hint for H2 Blockers? What is an example?

A

“-tidine”

- Famotidine (Pepcid)

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3
Q

What is the name hint for PPIs? What are a few examples (4)?

A

“-prazole”

  • Omeprazole (Prilosec)
  • Esomeprazole (Nexium)
  • Pantoprazole (Protonix)
  • Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
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4
Q

What is the name hint for Anti-Emetics? What is an example?

What are two other Anti-Emetics (don’t follow rule)?

A

“-setron”
- Ondansetron (Zofran)

  • Promethazine (Phenergan)
  • Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
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5
Q

What are five examples of Laxatives?

A
  • Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
  • Polyethylene Glycol (Miralax)
  • Senna (Senokot)
  • Docusate
  • Lactulose
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6
Q

What are five examples of Anti-Diarrheals?

A
  • Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
  • Diphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)
  • Loperamide (Imodium)
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7
Q

Calcium Carbonate (TUMS) is associated with what group of drugs?

What is the main AE associated with this drug?

A

Hypercalcemia

- Antacids

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8
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide is associated with what group of drugs?

What are the two main AEs associated with this drug?

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Hypermagnesemia

Antacids

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9
Q

What is the main caution associated with Magnesium Hydroxide, and what AE might make this worse?

A

Caution if renal impairment

- Hypermagnesemia

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10
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide is associated with what group of drugs?

What is the main AE associated with this drug?

A

Constipation

- Antacids

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11
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate is associated with what group of drugs?

What is the main AE associated with this drug?

A

Sodium/fluid retention

- Antacids

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12
Q

What are the four main cautions associated with Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Caution if…

  • Edema
  • Cirrhosis
  • HF
  • Renal impairment
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13
Q

What two AEs are associated with the “-setron” Anti-Emetics?

A
  • Cardiac arrhythmias

- QT prolongation

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14
Q

What are you at increased risk for with use of “-setron” Anti-Emetics?

A

Serotonin Syndrome (SS)

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15
Q

What are the two AEs of Promethazine (Phenergan) and Prochlorperazine (Compazine))?

A
  • Sedation

- Drug-induced Parkinsonism

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16
Q

What three classes of medications can be considered for tx of GERD, and in what order (preferably)?

A
  1. Antacids
  2. H2 Blockers
  3. PPIs
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17
Q

Why are H2 Blockers used in GERD tx (2)?

A
  • On-demand relief

- Nocturnal acid formation

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18
Q

What is the most common type of Esophagitis, and what is the recommended tx?

A

Reflux Esophagitis

- Tx with PPIs

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19
Q

Besides Reflux Esophagitis, what are the other three etiologies? What is the recommended tx for each?

A
  • Infectious (Candida) = Diflucan
  • Eosinophilic = Fluticasone inhaler
  • Pill-induced = idk tbh
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20
Q

What is the most common cause of Pill-induced Esophagitis?

A

Bisphosphonates

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21
Q

What is the recommended tx for Reflux Esophagitis? How should they be taken (2)?

Study These Flashcards
A

PPIs

  • Take in AM
  • Take 30 minutes before breakfast
22
Q

What are four AEs associated with CHRONIC PPI use?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Nutrient malabsorption (Ca, Mg, B12, Fe)
  • Osteoporosis
  • C. diff infection
  • Kidney disease
23
Q

What two dx tests can be used to confirm PUD due to H. pylori? What dx test is used to confirm PUD due to NSAID use?

Study These Flashcards
A

H. pylori

  • Stool antigen test
  • Urea breath test

NSAID = EGD

24
Q

What are the two different tx options for PUD due to H. pylori? Which is preferred?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Clarithromycin Triple Therapy (PPI + Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin)
  • Bismuth Quadruple Therapy (PPI + Bismuth + Metronidazole + Tetracycline) = preferred
25
What is the Clarithromycin Triple Therapy, and what condition can it be used to tx?
PUD due to H. pylori - PPI - Clarithromycin - Amoxicillin
26
What is the Bismuth Quadruple Therapy, and what condition can it be used to tx?
PUD due to H. pylori - PPI - Bismuth - Metro - Tetracycline
27
After tx of PUD due to H. pylori, what must always be done and why (3)?
Eradication test | - Avoid increasing risk of PUD, gastric CA, IDA
28
What is the #1 tx for PUD due to NSAID use? If this cannot be done, what is the alternative tx option?
D/C NSAIDs | - If NSAIDs cannot be stopped, begin maintenance PPI therapy
29
What medication can be used to prevent PUD due to NSAID use? When is this med CI, and WHY?
Misoprostol | - CI if pregnant bc abortifacient (induces uterine contractions)
30
What is the LONG-term tx recommended for Diabetic Gastroparesis?
Improved glucose control
31
What medication can be used for SHORT-term tx of Gastroparesis, and what class of drugs does this come from?
Metoclopramide (Reglan) | - Prokinetic
32
What are the two AEs of Metoclopramide (Reglan)? What are the three CIs?
AEs are EPS and TD CIs are... - Cbstruction - Perforation - GI hemorrhage
33
What medication can be used for tx of IBS, and what class of drugs does this come from?
Dicyclomine (Bentyl) | - Antispasmodic
34
What are the AEs of Dicyclomine (Bentyl)? What is the one caution?
Anticholinergic (sedation, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention) Caution if elderly
35
Besides Dicyclomine (Bentyl) for the tx of IBS, what other two meds might be considered and under what conditions?
- Amitriptyline if psychosocial component | - Eluxadoline if IBS-D
36
What is an example of a Stool Softener?
Docusate (Colace)
37
What is an important part of taking Bulk-Forming Laxatives?
Need fiber AND fluids
38
What are two AEs of Bulk-Forming Laxatives?
- Flatulence | - Bloating
39
What is a major AE of Osmotic Laxatives?
Hypermagnesemia if renal insufficiency
40
What are five CIs for ALL laxatives?
- Acute abdomen - Obstruction - Perforation - Toxic Megacolon - Unexplained abd. pain
41
What is the use of Methylnaltrexone (Relistor)?
Opioid-induced constipation
42
What is the primary use for Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)? What is the primary AE?
Used for diarrhea | - AE is black tongue, mouth and stool
43
What are two CIs of Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)?
- ASA allergy | - Reyes Syndrome
44
What is the primary tx for Diverticulitis (2)?
Flagyl + Cipro
45
What is the recommended dx test for Diverticulitis? What post-tx follow-up test if recommended, and WHY?
CT with contrast to dx | - Follow-up Colonoscopy 6-8 weeks after sxs resolve to exclude concomitant colon CA or IBD
46
What medication is used for the LONG-term tx of IBD?
Mesalamine (Lialda)
47
What medications are used for the SHORT-term tx of IBD?
Corticosteroids = flares
48
What is the recommended tx for Perianal CD (2)?
Flagyl + Cipro
49
What is the major AE associated with Flagyl?
Disulfiram-type reaction with alcohol
50
What is the major AE associated with Cipro?
Tendon rupture

Pharmacology III (25 decks)

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