Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology III > PA Cardiac (Exam #3) > Flashcards

PA Cardiac (Exam #3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the initial tx for HF, and why is this?

A

Loop Diuretics

- Very efficient in moving large volumes of fluid/edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three Loop Diuretics, and what is the CI/caution for each?

A
  • Furosemide (Lasix) = CI if Sulfa allergy
  • Torsemide = CI if Sulfa allergy
  • Bumetanide (Bumex) = caution ototoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which two Loop Diuretics are CI if Sulfa allergy?

A
  • Furosemide (Lasix)

- Torsemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two main AEs associated with ALL Diuretics? What other AE is also possible at high doses?

A
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hyponatremia

Also, hyperuricemia (Gout at high doses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the major CI of all Diuretics?

A

Anuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three Thiazide Diuretics, and what is the CI/caution for each?

A
  • HCTZ (Microzide) = CI if Sulfa allergy
  • Chlorothiazide (Diuril) = CI if Sulfa allergy
  • Metolazone = caution if Sulfa allergy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which two Thiazide Diuretics are CI if Sulfa allergy?

A
  • HCTZ (Microzide)

- Chlorothiazide (Diuril)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two Aldosterone Antagonist meds?

A
  • Spironolactone

- Eplerenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two Direct Na+ Flux Inhibitors meds?

A
  • Triamterene

- Amiloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two CIs associated with Direct Na+ Flux Inhibitors?

A
  • Anuria

- Severe kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the primary use of Aldosterone Antagonists & Direct Na+ Flux Inhibitors?

A 
WEAK diuretic (HF)
- Used in combination with other diuretics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the primary AE of Aldosterone Antagonists & Direct Na+ Flux Inhibitors?

With what drugs should they be cautioned?

A

Hyperkalemia

- Caution in combination with ACE-Is/ARBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What two classes of drugs are RAS Inhibitors?

A
  • ACE-Is

- ARBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do ACE-Is/ARBs decrease (2), and what are they used to improve?

A

Decrease preload AND afterload → improve sxs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two uses of ACE-Is/ARBs?

A
  • HFrEF

- HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

For which three co-conditions are ACE-Is/ARBs the 1st line treatment?

A
  • DM
  • CKD
  • HFrEF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two primary AEs associated with ACE-Is/ARBs? What other AE is associated with ACE-Is too?

A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Hyperkalemia

Dry cough with ACE-Is too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two primary CIs associated with ACE-Is/ARBs?

A
  • Angioedema

- Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the name hint for ACE-Is?

A

“-pril”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the name hint for ARBs?

A

“-sartan”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do BBs decrease, and what are they used to improve?

A

Decrease mortality

- Improve sxs

22
Q

What are the four uses of BBs?

A
  • Angina
  • Status post-MI
  • HTN
  • Late HF
23
Q

What are the three CIs associated with BBs?

A
  • Severe bradycardia
  • 2nd/3rd degree block
  • Uncompensated HF
24
Q

With which two classes of meds is abrupt withdrawal NOT recommended?

A
  • BBs

- Centrally Acting Sympatholytics/Central Alpha-Agonists

25
What are the two primary AEs associated with Non-Selective BBs? What is a med example?
Propranolol - Bronchospasm - Fatigue
26
What is the name hint for BBs?
“-lol”
27
What does Digoxin increase?
Increase inotropy
28
What are the two uses of Digoxin? What is the primary AE?
- Mild/moderate HFrEF - AFib AE = arrhythmias
29
When would Digoxin use be considered?
MUST be stable on diuretic, ACE-I/ARB and BB before considering
30
What are the two cautions associated with Digoxin?
- Poor renal function | - Hypokalemia
31
What is always the 1st line tx for HTN?
Lifestyle modifications | - Smoking cessation, diet (low salt, DASH), exercise, etc.
32
What are the four 1st line meds for HTN?
- HCTZ - ACE-I - ARB - CCB
33
Which two 1st line meds for HTN are more effective in AAs?
- HCTZ | - CCB
34
Which two 1st line meds for HTN are more effective in patients with CKD?
- ACE-I | - ARB
35
What are the two types of CCBs, and how do they differ?
- Dihydropyridines = potent vasodilator | - Non-Dihydropyridines = less vasodilation
36
What are the two major AEs associated with short-acting Dihydropyridine CCBs? What is the major AE for Non-Dihydropyridine CCBs?
- Peripheral edema - Mild/mod. reflex tachycardia Edema only for Non-Dihydropyridine CCBs
37
What is the name hint for Dihydropyridine CCBs?
“-dipine”
38
Which two meds are Non-Dihydropyridine CCBs?
- Verapamil | - Diltiazem
39
What is the name hint for Alpha-Blockers/Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists?
“-zosin”
40
What is the primary use of Alpha-Blockers/Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists?
HTN + BPH
41
What is a specific AE associated with Alpha-Blockers/Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists?
Orthostatic hypotension (“first dose phenomenon”)
42
Which two meds are Centrally Acting Sympatholytics/Central Alpha-Agonists? What is a special use of one of these meds?
- Clonidine | - Methyldopa = good for pregnancy
43
What is the primary use of Centrally Acting Sympatholytics/Central Alpha-Agonists?
Refractory HTN
44
Which class of meds is used for refractory HTN?
Centrally Acting Sympatholytics/Central Alpha-Agonists
45
What is the primary AE associated with Centrally Acting Sympatholytics/Central Alpha-Agonists?
Orthostatic hypotension
46
With use of Methyldopa, what three tests should be monitored?
- CBC - LFTs - Coombs test
47
What are the two primary uses of SHORT-acting antianginals? What is a med example?
NTG - Acute angina - Angina prophylaxis
48
What is primary use of LONG-acting antianginals? What is a med example?
Isosorbide Dinitrate/Mononitrate | - Chronic stable angina (long-term tx)
49
What is the major AE associated with LONG-acting antianginals, and what med can be considered as an alternative?
Tolerance | - If tolerance occurs, use BB
50
What are the three CIs associated with use of antianginals?
- Within 24 hours of Viagra use (Sildenafil) - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) - RV infarction

Pharmacology III (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions