PA Antibiotics (Exam #3)

Question 1

What are the four groups of Beta-Lactams?

Answer 1

• Penicillins
• Cephalosporins
• Carbapenems
• Glycopeptides/Lipoglycopeptides

Question 2

What are two examples of Cephalosporins?

Answer 2

• Ceftriaxone

- Cefotaxime

Question 3

What is an example of Glycopeptides/Lipoglycopeptides ?

Answer 3

Vancomycin

Question 4

What is the MOA of Beta-Lactam abx?

Answer 4

Target cell wall

Question 5

What is the MOA of Nitrofurantoin?

Answer 5

Inhibit protein production

Question 6

What is the MOA of Tetracyclines?

Answer 6

Inhibit protein production

Question 7

What is the MOA of Clindamycin?

Answer 7

Inhibit protein production

Question 8

What is the MOA of Rifamycins?

Answer 8

Inhibit protein production

Question 9

What is the MOA of Aminoglycosides?

Answer 9

Inhibit protein production

Question 10

What is the MOA of Oxazolidinones?

Answer 10

Inhibit protein production

Question 11

What is the MOA of Macrolides? What are three examples of Macrolides?

Answer 11

Inhibit protein production

• Azithromycin
• Clarithromycin
• Erythromycin

Question 12

What is the MOA of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole?

Answer 12

Inhibit replication

Question 13

What is the MOA of Quinolones? What are two examples of Quinolones?

Answer 13

Inhibit replication

• Ciprofloxacin
• Levofloxacin

Question 14

What is the MOA of Metronidazole?

Answer 14

Inhibit replication

Question 15

What two groups of abx are DOC for pregnancy?

Answer 15

• Penicillins

- Cephalosporins

Question 16

What three groups of abx should ALWAYS be avoided in pregnancy?

Answer 16

• Tetracyclines
• Aminoglycosides
• Quinolones

Question 17

What two groups of abx should be avoided with pregnancy AT TERM?

Answer 17

• Sulfas

- Nitrofurantoin

Question 18

What abx should be avoided with pregnancy IN 1st TRIMESTER?

Answer 18

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

Question 19

What two abx are Category B for pregnancy?

Answer 19

• Erythromycin

- Azithromycin

Question 20

What is the most common pathogen that causes PNA (Community-Acquired)?

Answer 20

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 21

What are the two possible abx tx options for PNA (Community-Acquired)?

Answer 21

• Macrolide
  OR
• Doxycycline

Question 22

If IP tx of PNA (Community-Acquired) is required, what is the recommended abx tx (2, __+__)

Answer 22

• Macrolide + Beta-Lactam
  OR
• Doxycycline + Beta-Lactam

Question 23

In a patient with PNA, if positive culture for Streptococcus pneumoniae, what is the recommended abx tx (2)?

Answer 23

• Pen G (high dose)
  OR
• Cephalosporin (2nd or 3rd Gen)

Question 24

What are the two possible abx tx options for Uncomplicated Cystitis?

Answer 24

• Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX/Bactrim)
  OR
• Nitrofurantoin

Question 25

What is the recommended abx tx option for Complicated Cystitis? What else should be ordered?

Answer 25

Ciprofloxacin | - Also urine culture

Question 26

What are the three possible abx tx options for Acute Pyelonephritis?

Answer 26

``` - Carbapenems OR - Penicillin/Beta-Lactam combination (Piperacillin-Tazobactam) OR - Quinolones ```

Question 27

What are the two major AEs associated with Quinolones?

Answer 27

- Cartilage abnormalities | - QT prolongation (TdP)

Question 28

What are the two most common pathogens that cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

Answer 28

- N. gonorrheae | - Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 29

What is the recommended empirical abx tx option for PID (__+__)

Answer 29

Cephalosporin (IM) + Doxycycline (oral)

Question 30

In a patient with PID, if positive culture for Chlamydia trachomatis, what is the recommended abx tx (2)?

Answer 30

- Doxycycline OR - Azithromycin

Question 31

In a patient with PID, if positive culture for Chlamydia trachomatis AND PREGNANT, what is the recommended abx tx?

Answer 31

Azithromycin only

Question 32

In a patient with PID, if positive culture for N. gonorrheae, what is the recommended abx tx?

Answer 32

Ceftriaxone

Question 33

In a patient with PID, if positive culture for N. gonorrheae AND PREGNANT, what is the recommended abx tx?

Answer 33

Ceftriaxone

Question 34

What is the CI of Cephalosporins?

Answer 34

PCN allergy

Question 35

What are the two most common pathogens that cause Bacterial Meningitis?

Answer 35

- Streptococcus pneumoniae | - N. meningitides

Question 36

What is the recommended abx tx option for Bacterial Meningitis? What other abx may be added, and WHY?

Answer 36

Cephalosporin (3rd Gen) | +/- Vancomycin (MRSA)

Question 37

What are the two most common pathogens that cause Cellulitis?

Answer 37

- Staphylococcus aureus | - Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 38

What are the three possible abx tx options for Cellulitis?

Answer 38

``` - Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX/Bactrim) OR - Clindamycin OR - Tetracyclines ```

Question 39

What is the primary risk associated with use of Clindamycin?

Answer 39

C. diff infection

Question 40

What are the two CIs of Tetracyclines?

Answer 40

- Pregnancy | - Children <8 years

Question 41

What is the primary AE associated with Tetracyclines?

Answer 41

Blue-black hyperpigmentation

Question 42

If MRSA is present with infection, which abx is recommended? What is a possible alternative?

Answer 42

Vancomycin = preferred | - Daptomycin

Question 43

What abx is active against C. diff infection?

Answer 43

Vancomycin (Glycopeptides/Lipoglycopeptides)

Question 44

What are the three AEs associated with Vancomycin?

Answer 44

- Nephrotoxicity - Hearing loss - Red Man Syndrome