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PA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for slope percentage

A

(Rise / run) x 100

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2
Q

Slope for sewers

A

1/4” = 1’-0” (2% for 2” pipe)
or
1/8” = 1’-0” (1% for 3-6” pipe)

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3
Q

Slope for site drainage

A

5% adjacent to buildings
2% for impervious surfaces
1.5%-10% for grass

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4
Q

Slope for parking surfaces

A

2-3%

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5
Q

Slope for ADA ramp

A

1:12 (8.33%)

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6
Q

Slope for IBC ramps

A

1:12 for egress ramps
1:8 for non-egress ramps

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7
Q

Define flood plain

A

Area at risk for accumulation of water

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8
Q

Define water table

A

level at which the soil is fully saturated

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9
Q

Define impervious surface

A

Does not allow the passing of water

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10
Q

Define wetlands

A

Area with fluctuating water levels / marshes, native plants, wildlife, etc

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11
Q

Define greywater

A

Domestic wastewater (does not contain solids or waste)
i.e. kitchen wash water, laundry water, etc

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12
Q

Define runoff

A

streams formed from irrigation or precipitation

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13
Q

What is dry floodproofing?

A

Protecting a building from the exterior by making it watertight

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14
Q

What is wet floodproofing

A

modifying the interior of a building to allow water in and minimize the impact is has on the building

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15
Q

What is the percent chance that a 100 year flood will occur each year

A

1%

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16
Q

What is Base Flood Elevation

A

the height to which water water can be expected to rise in base flood. Used for insurance premiums and building construction requirements

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17
Q

What is USCS and what do they do

A

Unified Soil Classification System - describes the size and composition of soils

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18
Q

What are the 5 major classifications of soil

A

gravel
sands
silt / clays (LL<50%)
silt / clays (LL>50%)
organic soils

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19
Q

What kinds of soils can never support a foundation

A

silt/clays
organic soils

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20
Q

What are the two general types of foundation forms

A

spread and pile

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21
Q

What is angle of repose

A

max angle or slope of a material before collapse

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22
Q

What is liquefaction

A

When a soil behaves like a liquid - very bad for foundations

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23
Q

What is a kip

A

equal to 1000lbs

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24
Q

What are typical dimensions of loading areas

A

10-12’ wide
40’ long
14’ height clearance
60’ turning radius

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25
Q

ASHRAE

A

American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers

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26
Q

IES

A

Illuminating Engineering Society

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27
Q

GA

A

Gypsum Association

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28
Q

ACI

A

American Concrete Institute

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29
Q

AISI

A

American Iron and Steel Institute

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30
Q

AISC

A

American Institute of Steel Construction

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31
Q

AITC

A

American Institute of Timber Construction

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32
Q

What are the three tests most commonly used to rate the fire-resistance of construction assemblies

A

ASTM E119
NFPA 252
NFPA 257

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33
Q

ASTM E119

A

Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials

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34
Q

NFPA 252

A

Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies

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35
Q

NFPA 257

A

Standard on Fire Test for Window and Glass Block Assemblies

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36
Q

What does zoning primarily regulate

A

-what a parcel of land may be used for
-how much of the land can be covered with buildings
-how large the structures may be
-how far the buildings must be set back from the property lines
-how much loading and parking must be provided

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37
Q

Best building orientation in Northern Hemisphere

A

5-25 degrees east of south

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38
Q

Parts of the “cool region”

A

Canada
Northern US
Mountainous regions of Colorado & Wyoming

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39
Q

Parts of “temperate” region

A

Mid-US
+ Some NE & NW US areas

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40
Q

Parts of “hot-humid” region

A

SE United States

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41
Q

Parts of “hot-arid” region

A

Southern CA to parts of southern TX

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42
Q

Building strategies for cold climates

A

minimize exposed surfaces to reduce heat loss

passive solar heating is not appropriate

Compact forms
Large SOUTH facing windows
interior materials that have high thermal mass
Dark exterior colors

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43
Q

Building strategies for temperate climates

A

oriented to maximize southern exposure

long building running in the east-west direction - facing slightly to the east

cooling effects of wind in summer - block wind in winter

medium colors for building exterior

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44
Q

Building strategies for hot-humid climates

A

Maximize natural ventilation with narrow floor plans that have cross ventilation

provide shade for all openings

use light colors for building exterior

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45
Q

Building strategies for hot-arid climates

A

shading from direct sunlight

when available, pools provide cooling through evaporation

compact forms
minimize openings
provide shade for openings
use light colors for building exterior

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46
Q

Passive solar cooling

A

utilizes shading, natural ventilation, radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, and ground coupling

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47
Q

Radiative cooling

A

uses thermal mass to store heat during the day and releases at night

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48
Q

ground coupling

A

uses the stable coolness of the earth to cool a building

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49
Q

Parallels and Meridian grid makes squares how large and called what

A

Checks that are 24 sq mi each

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50
Q

Each check (24 sq mi) is further divided into what

A

16 townships, 6 sq mi each

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51
Q

townships running east and west are referred to as a ___

A

township

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52
Q

townships that run north and south are referred to as a ___

A

range

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53
Q

What is another term for acre

A

hectares

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54
Q

What is the area of one acre

A

43,560 sq ft

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55
Q

What is the max slope for a road

A

10%

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56
Q

What is the max slope for a landscaped area

A

50%

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57
Q

Space requirements for non-assignable areas:
MECHANICAL ROOMS

A

5-9% gross building area

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58
Q

Space requirements for non-assignable areas:
TOILETS

A

generally, 50sf per water closet

59
Q

Space requirements for non-assignable areas:
HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR

A

7’-4” wide
6’ deep

60
Q

Space requirements for non-assignable areas:
MAIN CORRIDORS

61
Q

Space requirements for non-assignable areas:
EXIT CORRIDORS

A

4’
(44” min by code)

62
Q

Space requirements for non-assignable areas:
MONUMENTAL STAIR

63
Q

Space requirements for non-assignable areas:
EXIT STAIRS

A

4’
(44”min by code)

64
Q

What is base building circulation

A

the minimum path on a multi-occupant floor necessary for access to and egress from occupant areas, elevators, stairs, restrooms, etc

65
Q

What is amortization

A

payment of a loan using equal payments at equal intervals over the life of the loan

66
Q

What is CC&Rs

A

“covenants, conditions, and restrictions”

67
Q

What is conveyance

A

transferring an interest in a property to another person

68
Q

What is usury

A

illegal practice of charging exorbitant interest rates on a loan

69
Q

What is a zero lot line

A

allows a building to be constructed up to the property line with no setback

70
Q

What is a brownfield

A

a previously developed, contaminated site

71
Q

What building types (uses) could cause ground contamination

A

gas stations
manufacturing plants
railroads
chemical storage
oil refinery

72
Q

What happens in Phase I ESA

A

visual inspection and research

73
Q

What happens in Phase II ESA

A

soil samples sent to lab

74
Q

Define chlorination

A

chemical treatment to remove certain atoms bonded to hazardous chemicals

75
Q

Define soil vapor extraction

A

Removes VOCs from soils, sometimes used in conjunction with air injection systems

76
Q

Define bioremediation

A

microorganisms used to degrade organic compounds in soils or groundwater

77
Q

Define phytoremediation

A

Use of selected plants to remove or biostablize contaminants in soil or water

78
Q

What is Mean Radiant Temperature

A

the average temperature in a specific location - i.e. by a window in sunlight

79
Q

What materials can you use with Type I and II construction

A

concrete and steel

80
Q

What materials can you use with Type V construction

81
Q

What is the difference between A and B fire-resistance

A

A - PROTECTED
B - UNPROTECTED

82
Q

What fire rating do exterior bearing walls with less than 20’ clear receive

83
Q

What would a non bearing exterior wall with 30’ clear receive

84
Q

What would an exterior nonbearing wall with less than 30’ clear receive

85
Q

What is the difference between R-1 and R-2

A

R-1 is for transient occupants
R-2 is for permanent occupants

86
Q

What are the dimensions for an accessible van space?
striped area?

A

11x20
5’ wide

87
Q

What is the max slop of a walking surface?

A

5% or 1:20

88
Q

what is the minimum clear width for an accessible door?

89
Q

Do elevators require accessible forward reach or side reach configuration

90
Q

What is the range of an unobstructed forward reach

91
Q

What door configuration of an elevator allows for maximization of net square footage of a building

A

36” off center door

92
Q

What 3 things factor into how tall a building can be

A

Construction type
occupancy classification
sprinklers

93
Q

What 4 things determine how much floor area can be built

A

construction type
occupancy classification
sprinklers
frontage increase

94
Q

What is frontage increase

A

allows more area if building is surrounded by open space

95
Q

What is the rule for frontage increase

A

every 20’ open, the length of the wall can be multiplied by the depth of open area (up to 30’)

96
Q

What is the formula for single occupancy in a multi-story building

A

allowable area x
(nonsprinklered area x frontage increase factor) x number of stories (max 3)

97
Q

What does Sa represent

A

actual number of stories, but can’t exceed 3

98
Q

What information is in tables 504

A

height / stories regulations

99
Q

What information is in table 506

A

multi-story occupancy

100
Q

What information is in Chapter 3 IBC

A

Use + occupancy types

101
Q

What information is in Chapter 4 IBC

A

Special conditions of occupancy

102
Q

What information is in Chapter 5 IBC

A

Incidental and accessory use

103
Q

What information is in Chapter 10 IBC

A

Occupant loads

104
Q

What is gross floor area? Where is it measured from?Does not include?

A

Gross floor area - total building floor area measured from inside of exterior walls
Does not include mechanical chases

105
Q

What is net floor area? Does not include?

A

Usable floor area
Does not include mechanical chases, restrooms, corridors, interior walls, etc

106
Q

What is incidental use?

A

a smaller area within a larger use type that supports the the larger use type
IS SEPARATED BY A RATED SYSTEM

107
Q

What is accessory occupancy

A

an area that has its own classification with no rated separation
can be up to 10% of total use type

108
Q

Zoning regulates ___ and ___

A

density and land use

109
Q

What other building / zoning / site requirements might parking requirements compete with or need to be coordinated with

A

Green areas, runoff, accessibility (route distance)

110
Q

Explain historic preservation

A

maintain existing - no new exterior features

111
Q

Explain historic rehabilitation

A

making useful for new program (adaptive reuse)

112
Q

explain historic restoration

A

choosing a period in history to renovate to; selective repairs

113
Q

explain historic reconstruction

A

new construction replicating a historic building that no longer exists

114
Q

What are actions that can be taken to reduce noise - ex noise from a highway

A

Move building from source of noise
minimize openings
face building inward (courtyard)
turn front of building away from noise source
use sound absorbing materials

115
Q

When considering physical barriers for noise reduction, are barriers more effective closer to the source or closer to the building?

A

closer to source

116
Q

What is the calculation for determine decibel increase or decrease

A

dB increases/decrease by (6) every time distance is doubled

117
Q

What is 0 dB
What is 130dB

A

threshold for human hearing
pain threshold

118
Q

What are 5 goals in stormwater management

A

delay runoff
replenish groundwater
increase evapotranspiration
clean water by passing through soil before returning to water system
prevent heat pollution from hot stormwater

119
Q

What is surface runoff coefficient
what has a high / low coefficient

A

factor that relates the material of a surface to how much rainfall will run off of it

pavement / grass

120
Q

Pile vs pier foundations

A

pile - driven
pier - bored

121
Q

What is underpinning

A

support of an adjacent foundation

122
Q

What is overall building efficiency

A

ratio of net assignable area to gross building area

123
Q

what is the formula for
overall building efficiency

A

overall = base x int. eff.

124
Q

what is the formula for
base bldg eff.

A

base = usable area / gross area

125
Q

what is the formula for
interior layout eff.

A

net area / usable area

126
Q

R/U ratio

A

rentable / usable

127
Q

What are the 5 steps for programming

A
  • establish goals
  • collect + analyze facts
  • uncover + test concepts
  • determine needs
  • state the problem
128
Q

What is a brown sheet

A

a graphic tool used to visualize spaces - all spaces represented on one sheet as squares of relative size

129
Q

Central vs Local HVAC

A

Central - in one location, dispersed throughout boiling by ductwork; more efficient

local - individual units; more control, take up less room

130
Q

All air, all water, air and water HVAC

A

all air - used in centralized systems (VAV and CAV)

all water - used in local systems (fan coil, heat pump, etc)

air and water - mixture where it is mixed at a local level

131
Q

Formula for water pressure

A

P = 0.433(H)

132
Q

What IBC chapter covers Occupancy Type

133
Q

What IBC chapter covers construction type

134
Q

What IBC chapter covers building floor area and height

135
Q

What IBC chapter covers exits and egress

A

Chapter 10

136
Q

What IBC chapter covers building separations and shafts

137
Q

What IBC chapter covers fire resistance

A

Chapter 7/8

138
Q

What IBC chapter covers special conditions

139
Q

What is Type III construction

A

Mixed systems

140
Q

What is Type IV construction

A

Heavy timber

141
Q

What is Type V construction

A

Any material

142
Q

What is Type I and II construction

A

Non combustible - either steel or concrete

143
Q

4 major considerations when programming are

A

Form
Function
Time
Economy

ARE 5.0 (6 decks)

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