CE Flashcards
What three components comprise procurement documents
Project manual
Contract drawings
Addenda
What does project manual contain
Procurement requirements
Text-based contract documents (owner-contractor contract, conditions of contract, and specs)
What is bid bond form
Guarantees that if the low bidder withdraw after the selection but before the execution of the contract, the owner will be reimbursed by low bidder for the difference between low bud and next lowest bid
What are procurement documents not included in contract documents?
Instructions to bidders, bid bond, and bid form
What is VBS process
Value-based selection
When public client considers more subjective criteria - aka schedule, quality, contractor personnel - in addition to the bid amount
What is QBS process
Qualifications-based selection process
Contractor is selected on the babies only if the contractors qualifications
Who reveals the results of bids
The architect - only at the approval and direction of owner
Before execution of owner-contractor agreement, what does contractor need to submit
Proof of compliance with builders risk
Workers compensation and related insurance requirements
Performance and payment bond
Evidence of compliance with licensing laws
What documents describe the architect’s construction phase services?
Owner-Architect agreement
General conditions
Supplementary general conditions
Specifications division I
What issues may affect the services fee?
of shop drawing reviews per submittal
Submittal schedule
Extensive punch list requirements
Extensive site visits
What is AIA G716 used for?
To document the exchange of information (between architect and contractor)
Information such as
Submittal schedule
Construction schedule
List of subcontractors
Contractor change in pricing
RFIs
What does a construction contract typically consist of
Owner-contractor agreement
General conditions
Supplementary or other conditions
Drawings
Specifications
What is within bidding requirements
Invitation
Instructions
Information
Bid form
Bid bond
What is in Contract Forms
Agreement
Performance bond
Payment bond
Certificates
Two types of contract conditions
General
Supplementary
Division 1
General
Division 2
Site work
Division 3
Concrete
Division 4
Masonry
Division 5
Metals
Division 6
Wood and plastics
Division 7
Thermal + moisture
Division 8
Doors + windows
Division 9
Finishes
Division 10
Specialties
Division 11
Equipment
Division 12
Furnishings
Division 13
Special construction
Division 14
Conveying systems
Division 15
Mechanical
Division 16
Electrical
Who are key project participants
owner
architect (design team)
contractor (working team)
suppliers
What types of studies could be done during pre-construction stage
cost estimating, scheduling, assisting owner in contractor selection, assisting with bids + negotiations
Who makes the decision to proceed with construction
owner
what are the three typical project delivery methods
Traditional
CM
Design Build
What are the three project deliveries within traditional project delivery
Design Bid Build
Negotiated Select Team
Cost Plus Fixed Fee
Which delivery method would an owner prefer if they are trying to minimize costs?
DBB
In which project delivery method is the cost of construction known the earliest?
Design Build
What is the difference between CM-c and CM-adviser
CM-c - assumes the risk for construction and GMP
CM-adviser - serves as a consultant to the owner on constructibility and cost (no risk)
What standard form of agreement should you use for Design Bid Build
A201
and subsequent B101 and A101
What standard form of agreement should you use for Design Build
A141
What standard form of agreement should you use for CM as adviser
A132
and subsequent B132
Is IPD strictly a project delivery method?
no, it is also a contract and set of behaviors
What is agency review and how does IPD execute it
early involvement of permitting agencies / AHJ
BIM may be shared with agency to streamline permitting process
What is buyout process is IPD
Involves selecting suppliers and finalizing prices from any remaining subcontractors or vendors
there is no bidding / negotiation because contractor and team have already been selected
What are the three types of approaches (agreements) for IPD
Transitional forms
multi-party agreements
single purpose entity
what is a transitional form?
in IPD
an agreement modeled after CM agreements
what is a multiparty agreement
in IPD
single agreements that binds all parties
what is a single purpose entity
in IPD
when all parties create an LLC for the project (full risk and reward for all)
What are types of alternates that can be used by the contractor during the bidding process
allowance
unit price
substitution
alternate
value-engineering
what is the benefit of an alternate to the owner
gives the owner flexibility in pricing the project
If the cost for material of equipment can not be determined at the time of the bid of negotiated proposal, what action can the architect take
an allowance
where should unit prices be listed if they are used in a project
on the bid form
what is another word for unit price
cost-per-unit
How does the owner solicit bids
publish an advertisement to bid
How can owner and architect ensure that bidders receive fir consideration?
using standard forms, make information accurate and available to all bidders
What is discussed at pre-bid conference
procurement + contract documents, project conditions, architect answers project questions
Under what circumstances would a bid be returned, unopened?
submitted after deadline
incomplete response
What can a contractor do if bid is submitted with errors?
withdraw bid
If owner’s budget is exceeded by all bidders, what action can owner take?
re-bid
cancel project
work with architect to alter scope, size, budget, etc
What factors (excluding price) should be taken into consideration when evaluating bids?
experience
speciality
history of claims
personnel available
special equipment
What are factors in determining the number of site visits an architect should make
size/scale of project
complexity
type of construction
schedule
How many site visits is the architect responsible for and how often must the architect make site visits
as specified in contract, or in appropriate intervals in relation to the construction / status of project
do increased site visits improve the quality of the project
no - the architect can not insure that there will be no errors made
If the work does not conform to the contract documents, what can the architect do
reject the work
inform the owner
If the architect observes poor quality work, can the architect instruct the contractor to stop work
no - inform the owner / reject the work
who is responsible for safety on site
contractor only
what information is contained in a field report?
progress of project, materials on site, number of workers present, general observations, conformance to construction schedule
Construction typically begins when what document is issued
Owner’s notice to proceed
Can the contractor initiate a construction change directive
no
What variations in the General Conditions could affect the architects ability to provide CA services
Unreasonably short submittal times
change order execution without architect’s approval
excessive site visit requirements
deletion of submittal review
what is the difference between a change order and a construction change directive
A change order requires a change in cost, schedule, or scope and all parties (contractor, architect, owner) must agree on change
change directive is initiated by the owner and only needs to be approved by owner and architect
what documentation (not drawings) is the architect responsible for during construction
meeting minutes
site visit reports
change orders
ASIs + RFIs
Can acceptable non-conforming work include work that violates building code?
Technically, it can be accepted, but should not be
Who’s is responsible for the costs of error and omissions from the contract documents
Errors are paid via change order by the owner
What should the architect do upon discovering non-conforming work
document in a field report and provide copies to the owner and contractor
is the architect permitted to accept non-conforming work
no - only the owner can accept non-conforming work
is the architect responsible for make work conform to the contract documents?
no
What does the contractor include in the application for payment?
Continuation Sheet -
value of the work, including labor and materials, complete up to date of the application
How does the architect evaluate the contractors application for payment?
verifies that the work has progressed to the point that the contractor indicates usually via a project walk-through
what detrimental effects can a “front end loaded” schedule of values cause?
overpayment early in the construction process, leaving insufficient funds for completed work
What items must be completed before the issuance of the certificate of final payment to the contractor?
Punch list items
How many days after receiving and approving the application for payment does the architect have to issue certificate for payment to the owner?
7 days
after receiving payment from the owner, how long does the contractor have to issue payment to subcontractors
7 days
What is retainage and how does it impact progress payments
retainage is a certain amount of money that is set aside during progress payments until the project is complete
What happens when the contractor receives final payment
construction phase ends
what is included in a continuation sheet
original contract sum and contract sum affected by any change orders
schedule of values
estimated work completed
new work covered by current app for payment
amount of stored materials
total previous and current completed work
value of remaining work
What must be done before the issuance of the certificate of final payment to the contractor
final change order must be processed to balance previous payments against final payment and final contract amount
What must be done before the issuance of the certificate of final payment to the contractor
final change order must be processed to balance previous payments against final payment and final contract amount
contractor must submit an affidavit
withheld retainage may be released and paid to contractor
What AIA documents may be used for sustainable projects
A101 SP
B101 SP
E204
What does a sustainability plan describe?
identifies and describes the
Sustainable Objective
sustainable measures
the owners / architects / contractors roles and responsibilities, respectively
testing or metrics to verify achievement of each sustainable measure
sustainability documentation required
The owner is responsible for collecting sustainability documentation and submitting to the certifying authority as part of the sustainability certification process - true or false
false - the architect is responsible
Who is responsible for registering the project with the certifying authority
the architect - they also pay the fees and are reimbursed by the owner
How to goals related to sustainability impact the architects field reports
must notify owner is any deviations are discovered that will impact achievement of sustainable measures
what are some examples of requirements that specifiers would include on a sustainable project
Low VOC paints, coatings, seals, etc
Low flow plumbing fixtures
high R-value exterior components
recycling of construction waste by contractor
paving and roofing with high reflectance
locally or regionally sourced products
if the architect chooses to hire a sustainability consultant, what AIA document will likely be used
C401 - agreement between architect and consultant
Clear width of ramp
36”
what is max allowable rise for a ramp
30”
What is the clear width required perpendicular to a door with a front approach on the pull side
60”
If AHJ discovers work not in compliance with code requirements during a site inspections, what occurs?
Work will not be approved
What are some possible outcomes when plan review issues are not resolved at an early stage
additional costs and project delays
why must the contractor keep a copy of permit documents on site at all times
for use in regulatory inspections
What submittals does the contractor typically provide the architect in the construction phase
action submittals and informational submittals (QA/QC)
are submittals part of contract documents
no
how do submittals impact quality assurance on a project
they are used by the architect to evaluate the performance and the quality of parts of the project
can substitutions be included in submittals
no
Can contractor begin work prior to the architects review an approval of submittals
no
What are examples of Quality Assurance and Quality Control submittals
Design Data, Test Reports, Certificates, Manufacturer Instructions
Who is responsible for preparing construction progress schedule
contractor
What criteria may be considered when developing the construction schedule
owner furnished, contractor installed items
items not listed in contract (NIC)
submittal processing lead times
order and delivery lead times
anticipated weather conditions
which scheduling method identifies an early/late start date and completion date for a task
CPM
how may the owner incentivize the contractor to stay on or ahead of schedule
penalty and bonus provisions
What are some issues that can affect coordinating the work during the construction phase?
weather conditions, labor disputes, material delivery ties, status of inspections and tests
What is the purpose of coordination drawings and who prepares them?
to identify the location and potential conflicts of MEP components prior to construction
contractor prepares them
If a coordination issue is missed and not discovered until the construction phase, what may occur
Delays
What is included in the project agreement to accommodate possible unknown conditions on the site that the contractor may encounter?
Contingencies
What is the purpose of a drainage mat and where is it located
To allow water to flow down the the footing drains - avoiding overturning, uplift, sliding, etc
it is located on the exterior side of foundation walls - applied over waterproofing layer
What factors worsen hydrostatic pressure on the foundation
horizontal surfaces that do not slope away from the building
absent/incorrect location of footing drain
perforated filter fabric
What type of walls rely on cladding to shed most of the rain while the air cavity serves as a drainage layer
Rainscreen
brick walls
Where should weep holes be located
along the level of the flashing
Name the phenomenon that drives water through an opening in a wall assembly
pressure differential
what is the minimum thickness of a concrete slab on grade
4”
What document does the architect use for “minor changes in work”
G710 - ASIs
What form may the architect, owner, and contractor use to ask each other questions?
G716 - RFIs
Basic documentation required for projects may include:
meeting reports
site observation
copies of submittals, correspondence, change orders, payment, etc
What may result from poor quality management of construction documents?
Missed changes in the documents
If the contractor refuses to correct nonconforming work in a reasonable time period, what does the owner have the right to do
get the work corrected and charge the cost of correction to the contractor
If additional testing or inspection is required, which party is responsible for paying the cost?
contractor
What is the purpose of a project representative
the help guard against defects and ensure quality of work
What is the difference between quality assurance and quality control in construction?
QA - procedures for guarding against defects before and during execution of work
QC - Procedures for evaluating completed tasks and elements for conformance with contract req.
What are some examples of quality control during the construction process
determine if items are in an acceptable range of deviation
testing and inspection
A schedule of values is applicable to what types of projects?
What waivers must the architect, contractor, and subcontractors supply after receiving payment?
waiver of liens
what may happen if the architect discovers there are insufficient funds left to complete the project
Determine if there are enough funds to bring in another contractor for the balance remaining
if there is not enough, pervious certifications for payment may be nullified to cover the cost of completing the project
if an architect has withheld a certificate for payment because the contractor has failed to make 2 payments to the curtain wall subcontractor, what can the owner do?
pay both the contractor and the sub with a joint check
How is a claim made
by written notice to other party (and the architect) and must be within 21 days of occurrence
What preliminary action must be taken within 10 days of receiving a dispute or claim from the owner or contractor
suggest a compromise
accept of reject the claim
request additional supporting data from the claimant
Advise parties that the IDM is unable to resolve the claim due to conflict of interest or insufficient info
who may make a demand for mediation at any time
claimant
which of the following are legally binding:
mediation
arbitration
litigation
arbitration & litigation
Product substitutions should be proposed with what type of form
CSI Form 13.1A
What are two scenarios when substitutions during construction are required or allowable
The owner initiates a substitution
The product is unavailable
what factors should the architect consider when evaluating a substitution
Product
manufacturer
product rep
installation
long term costs
who is ultimately held responsible for the substitution - the architect or the proposer of substitution
architect
What may occur if the architect does not closely monitor change orders or construction change directives
Scope creep
The issuance of what document marks the end of of the construction process?
certificate of occupancy
What is included in the record documents? who prepares them?
contract drawings
project manual
addenda
contract modifications
submittals
product data
shops
samples
test reports
any other documents from contractor
Why might the owner require extra stock materials?
To make repairs over time
Contractors are typically required to provide a correction period of ___ for the facility
1 year
Owner, Architect, or Contractor:
Accepts the project and makes final payment
Owner
Owner, Architect, or Contractor:
Coordinates completion of punch list
Contractor
Owner, Architect, or Contractor:
Periodically observes project
Architect
Owner, Architect, or Contractor:
Prepares final change order
Architect
Owner, Architect, or Contractor:
Arranges for transfer of ownership
Owner
Owner, Architect, or Contractor:
Submits notice of final completion and final application for payment
Contractor
Owner, Architect, or Contractor:
Verifies substantial complete and prepares supplement to the contractors final push lost
Architect
Owner, Architect, or Contractor:
Submits notice of substantial completion
Contractor
Owner, Architect, or Contractor:
Assembles operations and management date
Contractor
Owner, Architect, or Contractor:
Releases any retained funds
Owner
Under what conditions may the architect deny the contractors request for substantial completion
if project is not ready for intended occupancy and use
Do all items on punch list need to be completed before obtaining substantial completion
No - as long as items on the punch list do not affect the owners ability to use the project for intended purpose
What happens if the contractor fails to correct outstanding items of work
Architect sends written notice to the contractor noting nonconforming work
Architect gives contractor specified time to complete
Owner withholds payments
Owner can terminate contract
The final punch list is typically attached to what other documents
certificate of substantial completion
When does 1 year correction period begin
at issuance of substantial completion
the final completion procedure begins when the contractor finishes what
the punch list
contractor also send final application for payment with request for final inspection
Division 01 of the specifications may require closeout submittals. What may be included in these submittals
Written notices of final and substantial completions
final app for payment
record docs
certificates of payment
release of liens
consents of surety to final payment
The architect must prepare what document if there are outstanding items that have not been included in a previous change order
Final change order
In the event of an outstanding claim during the project closeout what action might the contractor take
refuse to accept final payment - this prevents project from being transferred to owner
Who does the commissioning agent typically work for
owner
What project stakeholder should be closely involved throughout the commissioning process
facility manager
What are the reports prepared by the commissioning agent used for
for the facility manager to easily understand and operate building systems
can be used in routine maintenance, replacement, expansion, etc
what information does the commissioning plan include
testing and inspection plans
list of systems or other elements to be commissioned
required documentation
list of team members
