P8 Heat Flashcards

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1
Q

how is heat transferred by CONDUCTION?

A

particles VIBRATE + BUMP into each other → vibration (energy) spreads

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2
Q

how is heat transferred by CONVECTION?

A

particles MOVE from place to place

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3
Q

how is heat transferred by RADIATION?

A

INFRARED WAVES

no particle required

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4
Q

why are metals good conductors?

A
  • tightly packed ions: pass vibration/energy faster

- free electrons: move, collide, pass energy

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5
Q

why does sun’s thermal energy only reach us through radiation?

A

space is VACUUM → NO PARTICLE means no conduction/convection, but radiation needs no particle

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6
Q

explain CONVECTION CURRENT

A

Hotter at bottom → more KE → particles move more/further apart → less dense → rises

Cools at top → less KE → particles move less/closer together → more dense → sinks

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7
Q

in which medium does CONDUCTION take place?

A

solid, liquid, gas

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8
Q

in which medium does CONVECTION take place?

A

liquid, gas (fluids)

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9
Q

what surface is GOOD at absorbing and emitting radiation?

A

dull/matt

black

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10
Q

what surface is BAD at absorbing and emitting radiation?

A

shiny

white

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11
Q

what surface is GOOD at REFLECTING radiation?

A

shiny

white

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12
Q

how is a thermos flask designed to minimize heat loss?

A
  • PLASTIC LID prevents heat loss through conduction and convection
  • VACUUM WALLS prevent heat loss through conduction and convection
  • SHINY OUTSIDE prevents heat loss through radiation (poor emitter)
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13
Q

what is thermocouple used for?

A

very high or rapidly changing temp.

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14
Q

how does thermocouple work?

A

TWO DIFFERENT METALS

heat joint → V created (directly related to temp.)

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15
Q

thermocouple: why is a cold beaker with ice needed?

A

FIXED REFERENCE TEMP. for the COLD JUNCTION because ice water is 0˚C

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