P7 - Radioactivity

Question 1

What is the nucleon number?

Answer 1

The number of protons and neutrons

Question 2

What is a another name for proton number?

Answer 2

Atomic number

Question 3

How can electrons move to different positions within an atom?

Answer 3

If they absorb photons which is energy to move around

Question 4

Define an ion?

Answer 4

Charged atom or molecule

Question 5

Define an isotope?

Answer 5

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 6

Explain Plum Pudding model?

Answer 6

JJ Thomson discovered sub atomic particles and found the atom is a ball of positive charge with electrons dotted throughout it

Question 7

What did the golf foil experiment represent?

Answer 7

Most alpha particles went through but some reflected

Question 8

What is a scintillation?

Answer 8

A tiny flash of light where the electron has hit

Question 9

Who confirmed the existence of the nucleus through an experiment?

Answer 9

Ernest Rutherford

Question 10

What is radioactivity measured in?

Answer 10

Becquerels

Question 10

What is 1 becquerel equal to?

Answer 10

1 count per second

Question 11

Is alpha strongly ionising?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What is the composition of a beta radiation?

Answer 12

Fast moving electrons

Question 13

Does gamma radiation have high penetrating power?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What is contamination?

Answer 14

The unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive atoms on other materials

Question 15

Define irradiation?

Answer 15

When an object is exposed to ionising radiation

Question 16

What is radioactive decay?

Answer 16

Where unstable nuclei can become more stable by emitting alpha particles, beta particles of gamma rays from the nucleus

Question 17

What is the equation for alpha decay?

Answer 17

-4 ON TOP -2 ON BOTTOM + 4 AND 2 HELIUM

Question 18

What is the equation for beta decay?

Answer 18

SAME ON TOP + 1 ON BOTTOM + 0 AND -1 ELECTRON

Question 19

What is the equation for gamma decay?

Answer 19

STAYS THE SAME + 0 AND 0 GAMMA SYMBOL

Question 20

What is the activity of a radioactive source?

Answer 20

The number of unstable atoms in the source that decay per second

Question 21

Define half-life?

Answer 21

The time taken for half the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay, the time taken for the count rate to half its initial value

Question 22

What is a radioactive tracer?

Answer 22

Used to trace the flow of a substance through an organ

Question 23

What is a gamma camera used for?

Answer 23

Used to take pictures of internal organs

Question 24

What material can stop gamma rays?

Answer 24

Thick lead