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Physics > P7 - Radioactivity > Flashcards

P7 - Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nucleon number?

A

The number of protons and neutrons

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2
Q

What is a another name for proton number?

A

Atomic number

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3
Q

How can electrons move to different positions within an atom?

A

If they absorb photons which is energy to move around

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4
Q

Define an ion?

A

Charged atom or molecule

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5
Q

Define an isotope?

A

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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6
Q

Explain Plum Pudding model?

A

JJ Thomson discovered sub atomic particles and found the atom is a ball of positive charge with electrons dotted throughout it

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7
Q

What did the golf foil experiment represent?

A

Most alpha particles went through but some reflected

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8
Q

What is a scintillation?

A

A tiny flash of light where the electron has hit

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9
Q

Who confirmed the existence of the nucleus through an experiment?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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10
Q

What is radioactivity measured in?

A

Becquerels

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10
Q

What is 1 becquerel equal to?

A

1 count per second

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11
Q

Is alpha strongly ionising?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What is the composition of a beta radiation?

A

Fast moving electrons

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13
Q

Does gamma radiation have high penetrating power?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What is contamination?

A

The unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive atoms on other materials

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15
Q

Define irradiation?

A

When an object is exposed to ionising radiation

16
Q

What is radioactive decay?

A

Where unstable nuclei can become more stable by emitting alpha particles, beta particles of gamma rays from the nucleus

17
Q

What is the equation for alpha decay?

A

-4 ON TOP -2 ON BOTTOM + 4 AND 2 HELIUM

18
Q

What is the equation for beta decay?

A

SAME ON TOP + 1 ON BOTTOM + 0 AND -1 ELECTRON

19
Q

What is the equation for gamma decay?

A

STAYS THE SAME + 0 AND 0 GAMMA SYMBOL

20
Q

What is the activity of a radioactive source?

A

The number of unstable atoms in the source that decay per second

21
Q

Define half-life?

A

The time taken for half the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay, the time taken for the count rate to half its initial value

22
Q

What is a radioactive tracer?

A

Used to trace the flow of a substance through an organ

23
Q

What is a gamma camera used for?

A

Used to take pictures of internal organs

24
Q

What material can stop gamma rays?

A

Thick lead

Physics (13 decks)

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