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Physics > P7 Radioactivity > Flashcards

P7 Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a isotope?

A

Different forms of each element

It has a different amount of protons but the SAME amount of protons

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2
Q

How safe are isotopes?

A

Each element has about 2 stable form of isotopes

The rest tend to decay into other elements and give out radiation as they try and become more stable. This is known as radioactive decay

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3
Q

What is radioactive decay?

A

The prosses of which atoms give out radiation to get rid of exces energy to become more stable

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of ionising radiation?

A

Alpha

Bata

Gama

(Ther are more)

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5
Q

Where does the radiation come from?

A

The nucleus

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6
Q

What could a atom do whilst decaying?

A

Give out 1 or more types of radiation

Release a nuetron to rebalnce the number of protons and neutrons

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7
Q

What does ionising radiation make an atom do?

A

Get rid of an electron (making it into a positive ion)

Give out ionising radiation

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8
Q

What is ionising power?

A

How easily an atom can get rid of an electron through ionising radiation

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9
Q

What is alpha radiation?

A

When an alpha particle is emitted from the nucleus

2 protons and 2 neutrons

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10
Q

How far do alpha radiation penentrat?

What will stop it?

A

Not far. They can only travel through a few cm of air and is absorbed by a piece of paper

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11
Q

How strong/weak is alpha radiation’s ionising power?

A

Very strong due to it’s size

It is the strongest

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12
Q

What is the name of 2 protons and 2 neutrons?

A

Helium nuclei

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13
Q

What is Beta radiation?

A

Fast moving electrons released by the nucleus

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14
Q

What is the mass of a Beta particle?

A

Virtually no mass

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15
Q

What is the charge of a Beta Particle?

A

-1

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16
Q

What is the charge of a Alpha particle?

A

+2

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17
Q

What is the relative mass or an alpha particle?

A

4

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18
Q

What is the mass of a Beta particle?

A

1/1836

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19
Q

What is the ionising power of Beta particles?

A

Moderate

20
Q

What is the penentration power of a Beta particle?

A

Moderate

They will travel about a few meters in air but will be absorbed by a sheet of aluminium (around 5mm)

21
Q

What happens when a Beta particle is emmited from the nucleus?

A

A nuetron turns into a nucleus

22
Q

What type of waves are gama?

A

Electromagnetic waves

23
Q

What is the penentration power of a Gamma radiation?

A

Extremly high

It will travel long distances through air and will be absorbed by thick sheets of lead or layers of concreate

24
Q

What is the ionising power of Gamma radiation?

A

Low/weak as they tend to no collide with other particles but when they do collode they do damage

25
Q

What is the mass of a Gamma ray?

A

0

26
Q

What is the charge of a Gamma rays?

A

0

27
Q

What happens to the atomic number in α radiation

A

It will decrease by 2

28
Q

What happens to the atomic mass in α radiation

A

It decreased by 4

29
Q

What is the alpha radiation equastsion?

A

a a-4 4
X = Y + He
b b-2 2

30
Q

Explain the alpha radiation equasion?

A

Because alpha radiation emitts 2 protons and 2 neutrons the atomic number goes down by 2 as it looses 2 protons and the atomic mass goes down by 4 as it is loosing the mass of 2 neutrons and 2 protons

31
Q

How does beta (e) radiation effect the atomic number

A

Increases by 1

32
Q

How does beta (e) radiation effect the atomic number?

A

No effect

33
Q

Why does the atomic number increase by 1 in beta radiation?

A

When the electron leaves a neutron is turned into a proton

34
Q

What is the beta radiation equasion?

A

a a 0
X = Y + e
b b+1 -1

35
Q

How does gamma radiation efefct the atomic number and the mas number?

A

No change

36
Q

What does gamma radiation do?

A

Get rid of excess energy from the nucleus

37
Q

What is the rate of radiation?

A

It is random

38
Q

How is radiation measured?

What units?

A

With a GM tube

Count-rate OR Becquelrels (Bq)

39
Q

What is the half life?

A

The amount of time it takes for half the atoms to decay in an radioative substance

It can also be the amount of time it takes for activity to half

40
Q

What is activity?

A

The number of unstable nuclei that decay every second

41
Q

What would you expect to happen to the activity of an atom as time increases?

A

To decrease as there will be less unstable atoms

42
Q

What will the activity never equal to?

A

0

43
Q

Solve:

Tye initial activity is 640Bq. Calcuate it’s final activity after 2 half lives?

A

640/2=320
320/2=160
160/640=0.25X100=25%

25%

44
Q

How can you measure half time with a graph?

A

You go to the activity axis of the graph and half the top value. Then use a ruler to find out what the time value is. That is it’s half life

45
Q

If something has a mass of 10g and a half life of 8 days what will the mass be after 8 days?

A

10/2=5

5g

46
Q

More advanced maths questions on goodnotes.

A

Science - Phycics - Module 2 - P7 Radiation - P7 workbook

Physics (11 decks)

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