P6 Kinetic Theory

Question 1

What are the 3 states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Question 2

Describe a solid in terms of the atoms?

Answer 2

There are strong forces of attraction. This makes a fixed arrangment of atoms.

Theu can only vibrate around a fixed position

Question 3

Describe a liquid in terms of atoms?

Answer 3

There are weeker intermolecular forces than solods so the particles can more around a bit but they stay close together.

They can make irregular arangments.

They will not expand fill a container however they will change there shape to fit into a container.

Loquids have a fixed volume

Question 4

Describe a gas in terms of it’s atoms?

Answer 4

Almost no forces of attraction. They move around to fill a container and they have no fixed volume. They more in a random direction at random speeds

Question 5

How is pressure created?

Answer 5

By colliding gas particles

Question 6

What is pressure?

Answer 6

The force excerted per unit area

Question 7

What happens to pressure if you increase the temprature?

Why?

Answer 7

If the container size stays the pressure will increase

Because the atoms have a greater speed because they have more energy and therefore a larger momentum which keans that they excert a larger force

Question 8

What factors may increase/decrease pressure?

Answer 8

Volume of the container

Temprature

Question 9

What is the dencity of a object?

Answer 9

How compact the praticles are.

Measured in Kg/m3 or g/cm3

1g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3

Question 10

What does the dencity of an object depend on?

Answer 10

The material

How the particles are arranged

State of mass

Question 11

What is normally more dence?

Gas or Soild or Liquid

Answer 11

Solid

Question 12

What are the 2 types of energy stores in particles?

Answer 12

Kinetic energy (as they vibrate around a fixed point)

Potential energy (this is all you need to know)

Question 13

What happens to the energy stores of a particle as it is heated?

But it DOESN’T change it’s state?

Answer 13

The energy will go into the particles kinetic energy store which will increase it’s vibrations if it is a solid and it’s speed if it is a gas. This will increase it’s internal energy.

This will lead to an increase in temperature

Question 14

When does a change of state occur?

Answer 14

When the material has been heated enough that the particles have enough energy to break the bonds holding them together due to the increased kinetic energy stores

Question 15

What is internal energy?

Answer 15

The total energy stored in a particle

Question 16

If you melt 10kg of ice what mass of water will you have?

Answer 16

10kg

The mass doesn’t change due to the conservation of mass

Question 17

Is the changing of state chemical or phycical?

Answer 17

Phycical

Question 18

Solid to liquid?

Answer 18

Melting

Question 19

Liquid to solid?

Answer 19

Freezing

Question 20

Liquid to gas?

Answer 20

Boiling or evaporating

Question 21

Gas to liquid?

Answer 21

Condensing

Question 22

Solid to gas?

Answer 22

Sublimation

Question 23

Gas to solid?

Answer 23

Desumblimation

Question 24

What is Specicfic heat latency?

Answer 24

The energy needed to change the state (solod/gas/liquid) of a 1kg mass without changing it’s temperature.

Question 25

What happens to the energy of the particle when it is changing state?

Answer 25

Tue energy is being transfered into the potential energy of the particle therefore the temperature and kinetic energy stays the same however the internal energy still increases

Question 26

How is latent heat shown on a colling curve?

The change of state

Answer 26

The flat bits

Question 27

How is specific heat capacity shown of a cooling curve?

Answer 27

The rising bit

Question 28

What is specific latent heat called between solids and liquids?

Answer 28

Specifict latent heat of fusion

Question 29

What is specific latent heat called for the changing of state of liquid and gas?

Answer 29

Specific layent heat of vaporisation