P6.4 - Internal Energy (Finished) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a substance’s internal energy?

A

The total energy stored by the particles of a substance in their kinetic and potential stores

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2
Q

Where is a particle’s energy stored?

A

In kinetic stores by vibrating and in their potential stores due to their positions relative to each other

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3
Q

Does internal energy include gravitational potential energy?

A

No

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4
Q

How does heating a substance change its internal energy

A

By increasing the energy of its particles

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5
Q

When does the total potential energy of a substance change?

A

When it melts or boils

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6
Q

When does the total kinetic energy of a substance change?

A

When it’s temperature rises

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7
Q

What is the kinetic energy of particles due to?

A

Their individual motions relative to each other

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8
Q

How do you calculate the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a substance by x degrees C? WITHOUT A CHANGE OF STATE

A

Change in energy = mass * specific heat capacity * change in temperature

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9
Q

What is the rule when using e = m * c * change in temp?

A

The substance cannot have a change of state, so you can’t use it to calculate how much energy is needed to change 80 degrees C water by 30 degrees C. It will pass the boiling point

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10
Q

When the ___ of a substance changes the ___ potential energy of its particles ___

A

Physical state, total, changes

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11
Q

Why when you heat a solid enough it melts?

A

Because its particles have gained enough energy to break appart from the structure and the forces holding them together

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12
Q

How does each particle in a solid vibrate?

A

Each particle of a solid vibrates about an average fixed position

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13
Q

How are the particles of a solid arranged?

A

In a fixed 3D structure

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14
Q

What happens to a liquid’s particles when it is heated?

A

Some of the particles gain enough energy to break away from the others and are in a gas state above the liquid

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15
Q

What is the pressure of a gas on a solid surface caused by?

A

The force of impacts of the gas particles with the surface, as they move about randomly at high speed

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16
Q

Why does the pressure of a gas increase when it is heated?

A

Because the particles on average move faster due to more kinetic energy and so apply more force through collisions on surfaces

17
Q

Are there forces of attraction between particles of a gas?

A

yes but they are extremely weak