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Physics > P6 Molecules And Matter > Flashcards

P6 Molecules And Matter Flashcards

1
Q

What is definition of melting point

A

Temperature at which a substances changes from a solid to a liquid

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2
Q

What is definition of boiling point

A

Temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

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3
Q

What is internal energy

A

The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the system

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4
Q

What is specific latent heat

A

The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance

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5
Q

What is difference between specific latent heat of fusion and vaporisation

A

Fusion is solid to liquid
Vaporisation is liquid to gas

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6
Q

Wha is the unit of specific latent heat

A

J/Kg

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7
Q

What is density

A

Measure of the ‘compactness’ of a substance. Relates the mass of a substance to how much space is takes up

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8
Q

What is the formula for density

A

P=m/v
Density(kg/m3)= mass(kg)/volume(m3)

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9
Q

How do you find the density of an irregular object

A

Fill eureka can with water and let water flow out from spout. Now the water is just below the spout so anything placed into the eueka can, can be measured with water displaced. Place an empty measuring cylinder below end of the spout. Place object in water and messure how much water displaced. Subsitute the objects mass in the density formula.

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10
Q

What is internal energy

A

The total energy that its particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores

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11
Q

What is it called when a gas turns to a liquid

A

Condensing

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12
Q

What is it called when a liquid turns to a solid

A

Freezing

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13
Q

What is it called when a liquid turns to a gas

A

Boiling/evaporating

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14
Q

What is it called when a solid turns to a liquid

A

Melting

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15
Q

What is it called when a solid turns to a gas

A

Sublimating

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16
Q

What is a change of state

A

Physical change of a substance meaning you dont end up with a new substance but its just the firm of the substance that changes

17
Q

What do the flat lines show in a heating graph

A

Shows energy is beung used to break bonds to change its state

18
Q

What is latent heat

A

Amount of energy needed to change the state of a substance

19
Q

What is specific latent heat

A

The amount of energy needed to change 1kg of a substance from one state to another without changing its temperature

20
Q

What is specific latent heat of fusion

A

SLH for changing between a solid and a liquid

21
Q

What is SLH for vaporisation

A

SLH for changing between a liquid and a gas

22
Q

What is the equation to find out energy needed to change a state

A

E=mxL
Energy for a change in state (j) = mass(kg) x specific latent heat (j/kg)

23
Q

What is the relationship between volume and pressure

A

pV=constant
Pressure and volume = constant

24
Q

How can you increase pressure of a gas

A

Increase in temperature

25
Q

What does in increase in volume of gas do to its pressure

A

Decreases in pressure

26
Q

What is the equation for density and give units?

A

Density (Kg/m^3) = mass (Kg) / volume (m^3)

27
Q

How are the particles arranged in a dense material?

A

Closely packed together

28
Q

How do you find the density of a regular object?

A

Measure its mass using a weighing scale, measure the length, width, and height of the object to find its volume. Substitute the volume and mass into the density equation.

29
Q

How do you find the density of an irregular object?

A

Weigh the object with a weighing scale. Fill a Eureka can with water up to the spout. Place a measuring cylinder underneath the exit of the spout and place the object in the Eureka can. The volume of water displaced is the volume of the object.

30
Q

How do you find the density of a liquid?

A

Put a measuring cylinder on a weighing scale and tare it to 0. Pour 10ml of the liquid into the measuring cylinder and record the weight shown. Substitute the mass and volume in the density formula.

31
Q

What is the internal energy of a system?

A

The total energy that its particles have in their kinetic and potential energy store.

32
Q

What does heating a system do to the internal energy?

A

They gain energy in their kinetic energy which increases the internal energy.

33
Q

Explain the arrangement and energy of the particles in a solid.

A

Strong forces of attraction hold the particles together in a fixed and regular arrangement. The particles don’t have much energy, so only vibrate about their fixed position.

34
Q

Explain the arrangement and energy of the particles in a liquid.

A

Moderate forces of attraction between particles. The particles are close together but can move past each other, forming irregular arrangements. They have more energy than particles in a solid.

35
Q

Explain the arrangement and energy of the particles in a gas.

A

Almost no forces of attraction between the particles. Particles have more energy than in liquids and solids. They are free to move and are moving in random directions at high speeds.

36
Q

What is pressure?

A

The force exerted per unit area.

37
Q

Explain how colliding gas particles create pressure.

A

Particles in gases are free to move around. As they move, they bang into each other and whatever else gets in the way. When they collide with something, they exert a force, and pressure is the amount of force exerted.

38
Q

How does increasing the temperature of a gas increase its pressure?

A

If you increase the temperature of the gas, you transfer energy to the kinetic energy stores of its particles. Therefore, the speed at which the particles vibrate increases, which will increase the force exerted.

39
Q

What does density measure?

A

The compactness of a substance.

Physics (5 decks)

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