p6 Flashcards
CASE STUDY - URBAN REBRANDING/PLACE IDENTITY
- TITANIC QUARTER:
- Belfast was once famous for its shipbuilding and particularly the construction of the Titanic at the Harland and Wolff shipyards at the neck of the River Lagan and Belfast Lough.
- The Titanic Quarter in Belfast, named after the city’s most famous product, has become one of Europe’s largest waterfront developments.
- Shaped around the marina, it comprises historic maritime landmarks, including the huge yellow lifting cranes that are an iconic symbol of Belfast’s industrial heritage, luxury shops, postmodern workspace architecture and a university campus.
- Belfast harbour continues to operate as a private company providing the logistical framework for successful trade.
- Right at the head of the old slipway, where the Titanic was built is the ‘Titanic Belfast’ visitors centre.
- The spectacular architecture is shaped like the bow of a ship and the materials reflect water and ice crystals.
- The old White Star Line logo has been incorporated into the design.
- The centre welcomed a million visitors in its first year of opening and 70% of those were from outside of Northern Ireland.
- As well as this, it added £105 million to the economy and created 893 additional jobs.
Rural Rebranding:
- Rural areas, and particularly the agricultural economy, have changed considerably since the 1990’s.
- With concern over inflated production and the environmental impact of intensification, there has been a shift in focus towards wider rural development, including support for ecosystem services and preservation of cultural landscapes.
- These changes to the rural economy are an example of diversification, described by some as a shift towards post - production rural economy
CASE STUDY - RURAL REBRANDING/DIVERSIFICATION
- BRONTE COUNTRY:
- ‘Bronte Country’ is the name given to a region in the West Yorkshire and East Lancashire Pennines.
- Many visitors come here every year to experience the bleakness and desolation that inspired the books by the Bronte sisters who lived in Halworth, such as Wuthering Heights.
- The Fair Trade Way links Fairtrade villages and towns in the Bradford area, taking visitors through the countryside and historical sites that appear in the sisters’ books.
- Alongside the literacy and cultural associations, there are many other tourist attractions in the area;
- The Keighley Bus Museum and the Valley Railway
- The Pennine Bridleway and outdoor activities such as Horse Riding or Mountain biking
- The industrial village of Saltaire which is a UNESCO site
- Some farms have taken advantage of EU grants and subsidies to diversify their use of land and create specialist products.
- For example, Skipbridge Farm is now a successful wedding venue, offering creative and bespoke weddings incorporating its small animal holdings, a bed and breakfast, cottages and ‘glamping’ tents.
Measuring the success of regeneration - Economic:
- Income deprivation
- Employment deprivation - % 0f working age people who are unemployed
- Poverty
Income Deprivation:
Indicator: Median Household Income:
Measurement: Analyzing the median household income within the regenerated area.
Rationale: A rise in median income suggests an improvement in overall economic well-being for residents.
Indicator: Income Distribution:
Measurement: Examining the distribution of income across different income groups.
Rationale: A more equitable income distribution may indicate that economic regeneration is benefiting a broader segment of the population.
Employment Deprivation:
Indicator: Unemployment Rate:
Measurement: Calculating the percentage of working-age people who are unemployed.
Rationale: A decrease in the unemployment rate signals improved job opportunities and economic activity.
Indicator: Job Creation:
Measurement: Assessing the net change in the number of jobs created.
Rationale: Positive job creation indicates economic growth and increased employment opportunities.
. Poverty:
Indicator: Poverty Rate:
Measurement: Determining the percentage of the population living below the poverty line.
Rationale: A reduction in the poverty rate signifies an improvement in the economic well-being of residents.
Indicator: Child Poverty Rate:
Measurement: Examining the percentage of children living in poverty.
Rationale: A decrease in child poverty rates indicates positive impacts on families and future generations.
Measuring the success of regeneration case study
The Gorbals in South Glasgow: Closing the economic gap?
- By the 1950s the original tenements built for Victorian industrial workers had a reputation for poverty, overcrowding and poor public amenities, with associated gang culture and violence.
- A major redevelopment programme replaced the tenements with high-rise, concrete tower blocks, such as the Hutcheson Estate.
- Unfortunately these were poorly constructed and the design also fostered crime which, combined with poor management, led to alternative strategies such as the Crown Street regeneration project of the 1990s.
- The attractive varied designs, spacious flats and areas with employment spaces resulted in not just ‘closing the gap’ but exceeding Glasgow’s average economic growth.
- Unemployment fell by 31 per cent between 2004 and 2012, while the percentage of ‘income deprived’ people, including those on welfare benefits, fell by 35 per cent.
- Meanwhile Glasgow ‘only’ had an average drop in unemployment of 16 per cent and a 21 per cent drop in income deprived citizens.
Measuring the success of regeneration case study
A hotspot of in-migration and poverty:
Newham, London
- This is an example of a continuing cycle of poverty.
- Once people better themselves, they move out, but are replaced by another set of poor people.
- In 2014, 36 per cent of residents in Newham had no recognised qualifications, double the city average; 50 per cent earned less than the London Living Wage and 20 per cent were illegal workers on less than the minimum wage.
- Meanwhile, parts of the borough near the 2012 Olympic site, for example Westfield, saw the biggest price rises in the country in 2015.
- Newham Borough Council promotes its place abroad as an ‘Arc of Opportunity’.
- In 2013 it attracted a £1 billion, 35-acre business park investment by the Chinese company Advanced Business Park to another of its derelict sites: the Royal Docks
Key concept: Social progress
Social progress relates to how an individual and community improve their relative status in society over time.
Social progress can be measured by
- reductions in inequalities both between areas and within them;
- improvements in social measures of deprivation
- demographic changes (improvements in life expectancy and reductions in health deprivation):
The Glasgow effect
- The 2010 Marmot Review highlighted stark health inequities in Glasgow.
- Boys in the deprived area of Calton had an average life expectancy of 54 years compared with 84 years in affluent Lenzie, 12 km away.
- This pattern emerged in the 1990s.
- Efforts to combat this have centred on the psychology of health promotion rather than prohibition.
- The Scottish government launched four main initiatives: Equally Well, Achieving Our Potential, a Child Poverty Strategy and the Early Years Framework, designed to tackle poverty, income inequality, health inequities and to ensure that all children are given the best possible start in life.
- Other initiatives include supporting youth centres.
Reductions in Inequalities:
Income Inequality:
Measurement: Gini coefficient or other measures of income distribution.
Rationale: A decrease in income inequality indicates progress toward a more equitable distribution of resources.
Educational Inequality:
Measurement: Disparities in educational attainment and access to quality education.
Rationale: Closing gaps in educational outcomes contributes to a more inclusive and equitable society.
Access to Healthcare:
Measurement: Disparities in access to healthcare services and health outcomes.
Rationale: Reducing healthcare inequalities ensures that all members of society have equal access to necessary medical care.
Improvements in Social Measures of Deprivation:
Poverty Reduction:
Measurement: Decline in the percentage of the population living below the poverty line.
Rationale: A reduction in poverty reflects improvements in economic well-being and social conditions.
Access to Housing:
Measurement: Improvements in housing conditions, including reduced homelessness.
Rationale: Adequate housing is a fundamental aspect of social progress, and improvements contribute to community well-being.
Community Safety:
Measurement: Reduction in crime rates and improvements in overall community safety.
Rationale: A safer community fosters social cohesion and enhances residents’ quality of life.
Demographic Changes:
Life Expectancy:
Measurement: Increase in average life expectancy.
Rationale: Improvements in life expectancy indicate advancements in healthcare, nutrition, and overall living conditions.
Health Deprivation:
Measurement: Reductions in health disparities and improvements in access to healthcare.
Rationale: Reducing health deprivation ensures that all members of society have equal opportunities for good health.
Population Growth:
Measurement: Positive population growth or stabilization.
Rationale: Sustained and balanced population growth contributes to economic vitality and community development
