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GCSE Physics > P5 forces > Flashcards

P5 forces Flashcards

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1
Q

A force

A

A push it pull that is applied by one object on another

Measured in newtons (N)

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2
Q

Contact forces

A

The objects are physically touching

Such as a parachute in contact with air

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3
Q

Non contact forces

A

The objects are physically separated

Eg. Attraction/repulsion of charged objects

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4
Q

Scalar quantity

A

Has magnitude

Size only

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5
Q

Vector quantity

A

Has magnitude and direction

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6
Q

Displacement

A

Distance moved and the direction

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7
Q

Speed

A

How fast something is moving

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8
Q

Distance time graphs

A

Gradient=to speed of the object

Speed changes graph is a curve so draw tangent

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9
Q

Acceleration

A

When the velocity of a car is increasing it is accelerating

When the velocity of a car is decreasing it is decelerating

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10
Q

Motion in a circle

A

Car goes round a roundabout
At constant speed direction of movement is changing
Velocity is changing as it is a vector, it is accelerating

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11
Q

Velocity time graphs

A

Shows job the velocity of a moving object changes over time
Will show when accelerating and decelerating
Gradient= rate of chang of velocity or acceleration
Displacement= area under a velocity time graph (distance travelled)

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12
Q

Uniform motion

A

Acceleration is constant

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13
Q

Symbols for describing motion

A 
s= displacement in m
u= initial velocity in m/s
v= final velocity in m/s
a= acceleration in m/s2
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14
Q

Applying equation in vertical motion

A

If no air resistance, gravity give acceleration of appox. 9.8 m/s2 downwards. If ball thrown up it decelerates -9.8 m/s2
When ball falls back it accelerates at +9.8m/s2
Only used when object travels with constant uniform acceleration in a straight line

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15
Q

Mass

A

Amount of substance that is present in an object

Kg

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16
Q

Weight

A

The force acting on that mass,mid it is in a gravitational field
N

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17
Q

Newton’s first law

A

If the resultant force acting on an object is zero it will:
If stationary remain stationary
If moving keep moving at a steady speed in a straight line

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18
Q

The resultant force

A

The combined force

Force by one team - force of other team= combined force

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19
Q

Free body diagram

A

Shows magnitude and direction of the forces acting on an object
Don’t have to draw image of object instead just a circle

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20
Q

Vector diagram

A

Resultant is from point a to point b (gradient)

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21
Q

Newton’s second law

A

Where F is the resultant force in N, m is the mass in kg and a is the acceleration in m/s2
The resultant force is a single force that has the same effect as all the original forces acting together

22
Q

Inertia

A

Massive objects that are hard to stop have an inbuilt reluctance to stop or start moving
Natural tendency of objects to resist changes in their velocity

23
Q

Intertial mass

A

Measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object
Defined by the ratio of force over acceleration

24
Q

Required practical- investigating the acceleration of an object

A

Looking at how force affects acceleration

The greater the force the greater the acceleration

25
Q

Force pairs

A

When 2 objects interact
A exerts a force on B, there is always another force B exerts a force on A
Forces are equal in size but act in opposite directions an on different objects

26
Q

Newton’s third law

A

When 2 objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

27
Q

Forces in the pair

A

Same size
Act in opposite directions
Act on different objects
Same type of force

28
Q

Momentum

A

A moving object has momentum
Amount depends on mass and velocity
Vector

29
Q

Changes in momentum

A

Eg. A car stops suddenly. Momentum becomes 0
The larger the force applied to the car, the quicker its momentum becomes zero
Calculate by using F= m(v-u)/t

30
Q

Crumple zones

A

Increase the time between first impact and the car stopping

The rate of change of momentum is smaller, reducing the force on the cars occupant

31
Q

Conservation of momentum

A

The total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision
m1u2 + m2u2= (m1+m2)v

32
Q

Reaction time

A

The time it takes for the driver to react when o a stimulus

33
Q

Thinking distance

A

The distance travelled during the reaction

It is the distance travelled between the driver seeing a danger and taking action to avoid it, such as braking

34
Q

Braking distance

A

Is the distance travelled before a car stops after the brakes have been applied
It increases as the speed of the car increases

35
Q

Stopping distance

A

Thinking distance + braking distance

36
Q

Reaction time and thinking distance increase when

A

Tired
Under the influence of drugs or alcohol
Distracted or lacks concentration

37
Q

Braking distance may increase when

A

Road is wet or icy
Car has poor brakes or bald tyres
The speed of the car is greater

38
Q

To estimate the force needed to stop a vehicle

A

Calculate deceleration and find force from F=ma
Calculate how much kinetic energy must be transferred away from the car and equate this to the work done by the braking force

39
Q

Moment

A 
Turning effect
Newton metre (Nm)
The point of moment acts around is called the pivot
40
Q

Centre of mass

A

The weight of the object can be considered to act at a single point

41
Q

Lever

A

Used to moment of a force.

If a force pushing down in greater than the load it turns in a clockwise direction

42
Q

Gears

A

are used for transmitting the rotational effect of a force from one part of a machine to another.
If the gears are the same size they will rotate at the same speed

43
Q

Pressure in fluids

A

Causes a force normal to (at right angles to) any surface

Acts nine all directions

44
Q

Pressure at different depths in a liquid

A

The deeper you are the greater the pressure. There is a greater weight of water above you

45
Q

Sink or float

A

If the density of the solid material is greater than the density of the liquid it will sink. As weight is greater than up thrust.

46
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

The air exerts pressure. Force acts normal to any surface. The higher you go the less pressure As there is is less air above you.
The greater the density of the air, the moe weight of air above a surface means more collisions in a given space= pressure

47
Q

Elastic deformation

A

Occurs when spring can returns back to original length when forces are removed

48
Q

Inelastic deformation

A

A spring that is permanently altered

49
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

Amount of work done =elastic potential energy

50
Q

Required practical: investigate the relationship between force and the extension of a spring

A

Force and extension are directly proportional until spring becomes deformed and graph starts to curve

GCSE Physics (9 decks)

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