P3 particle model of matter Flashcards
Sates of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Solid
Fixed shape and size
Particles vibrate
Held together by bonds(strong forces of attraction)
Liquid
Fixed size not shape Takes shape of container Bonds are less strong than solid Particles close together and attract each other Move around no regular pattern
Gas
No fixed shape or size
Particles move quickly and randomly to fill space available
Virtually free of any attraction
Density
Compares the mass of materials with the same volume
Required practical- to investigate the densities of regular and irregular solid objects and liquids
D of liquid- find volume in measuring cylinder and weigh it
D of regular object- find volume l x w x h and weigh it
D of irregular object- squish into regular shape and find v and weigh it
Conservation of mass
When substances change state and mass stays the same
Melting
Solid to liquid
Freezing
Liquid to solid
Boiling
Liquid to gas at boiling point
Evaporating
Liquid to gas when temp of liquid is lower than boiling point
Condensing
Gas to liquid
Sublimating
Solid to gas without going through liquid state
Internal energy
The total kinetic and potential energy all of the particles have
Temperature rise depends on
Mass of liquid heated
Liquid being heated
Energy input to the system
Specific heat capacity
The energy needed to raise 1Kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
Latent heat
The energy needed for a substance to change a state without a change in temperature
Specific latent heat of fusion
Change of state from solid to liquid
Specific latent heat of vaporisation
Liquid to gas (vapour)
Much greater
Pressure
The total force exerted by all the molecules inside the container that strike a unit area of the wall
Increasing pressure
In a sealed container the mass and volume stay constant and you increase the temp the pressure will increase
Depends on volume mass and temp
Work done on gas
When gas in compressed, force is required.
Energy is transferred so work is done
