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Geography > P3 - Geographical skills > Flashcards

P3 - Geographical skills Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the advantages of line graphs?

A
  • simple and easy to construct
  • can show two sets of data with scales on both vertical axis
  • anomalies can be easily identified
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2
Q

What are the disadvantages of line graphs?

A
  • too many lines can make it difficult to read data

- awkward scales can disrupt visual effectiveness

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3
Q

What type of data is plotted on a simple line graph?

A

continuous data

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4
Q

What is a compound line graph?

A
  • the difference between the points on adjacent lines give the actual values
  • the area between each line are usually shaded or coloured and there’s a key
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5
Q

What are the different ways of data representation?

A 
simple line graphs
compound line graphs
bar charts
pie chart
pictograms
histograms
divided bar charts
scatter graphs
population pyramids
dispersion graphs
flow lines
proportional symbols
contour lines
desire line
dot map
isoline
choropleth map
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6
Q

What are the advantages of a bar chart?

A
  • simple to construct and easy to understand
  • can show positive and negative values on the same graph
  • can show both quantitative and qualitative data
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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of a bar chart?

A
  • complicated is there are uneven class intervals

- too many or too few classes can mask important patterns in the data

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8
Q

What are the advantages of a pie chart?

A

-visually effective to see which class is most dominant

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9
Q

what are the disadvantages of a pie chart?

A
  • can be difficult to compare data on several pie charts

- lots of segments of similar size can be difficult to interpret

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10
Q

What are the advantages of pictograms?

A
  • give good visual impression

- can be used to show more than one data set

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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of pictograms?

A
  • not always suitable for large quantities of data

- difficult to show smaller quantities and may be hard to read if a picture is divided further

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12
Q

What are the advantages of histograms?

A
  • simple to construct and easy to understand

- shows the relationship between two pieces of data

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of histograms?

A
  • can only be used to represent continuous data

- really only worthwhile when pared with a chart where the classes are different sizes

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14
Q

What are the advantages of a divided bar/compound bar/percentage bar graphs?

A
  • easy to read and interpret as totals are clearly shown

- clearly shows the rise and fall in total values

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of a divided bar/compound bar/percentage bar graphs?

A
  • harder to read the more segments each stacked bar has

- if you want to compare one segment to another it is more difficult as it doesn’t have a common baseline

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16
Q

What are the advantages of scatter graphs?

A
  • good technique when you have a lot of data

- easy to spot anomalies

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17
Q

What are the disadvantages of scatter graphs?

A
  • can only be used to plot two sets of data
  • correlation can emerge even when the relationship is just coincidental
  • too much data can be difficult to read
18
Q

What is a population pyramid?

A

a population pyramid is a graph that allows us to see the gender and age structure of a population

19
Q

What are the advantages of population pyramids?

A
  • can be used to predict short-term and long-term changes in population in the future
  • indicates life expectancy
  • shows past changes in population
20
Q

What are the disadvantages of population pyramids?

A
  • a snap shot at any given time, but population is constantly changing
  • age groupings are often in 5s so can mask important patterns in data
21
Q

What is a dispersion graph?

A

A graph useful for comparing patterns both within and between data sets

22
Q

What are the advantages of dispersion graphs?

A
  • data range can be easily identified
  • data clusters can be easily seen
  • anomalies can be easily identified
23
Q

What are the disadvantages of dispersion graphs?

A
  • comparison of data sets can only be done where both have been plotted on the same scale
  • does not show relationship as only one variable is plotted
24
Q

What are flow lines?

A

Flow lines are used to represent the volume of movement from place to place
-useful to show migration trends

25
Q

What are the advantages of flow lines?

A
  • shows the movement of people, goods, transport…
  • gives a clear sense of direction travelled
  • can show volume of movement with the width of the lines
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of flow lines?

A
  • in order to achieve a clear image the distance and direction may be distorted
  • issue when man y lines on the map can merge into one another or overlap
27
Q

What are proportional symbols?

A

symbols that are drawn in proportion to the variable being represented

28
Q

What are the advantages of proportional symbols?

A
  • useful for illustrating differences between many places
  • visually appealing
  • easy to read as each symbol is proportional to its value
29
Q

What are the disadvantages of proportional symbols?

A
  • difficult to calculate actual value
  • time-consuming to construct
  • size may obscure a location or mean less accurate positioning on maps
30
Q

What are the advantages of contour lines?

A
  • depict the size and slope of different land forms on a map
  • easy to determine the elevation of a landscape
31
Q

What are the disadvantages of contour lines?

A
  • fail to show some of the heights due to limitation of height interval
  • some land forms may not be shown by contour lines such as outcrop rocks and craters
32
Q

What is a desire line map?

A

a desire line ignores the actual route taken but simply concentrates on the origin, destination and the number on a route (uses straight lines)

33
Q

What are the advantages of a desire line map?

A
  • shows the movement of people, goods, transport…
  • can show volume and direction of movement
  • gives locations of origins and destinations
34
Q

What are the disadvantages of a desire line map?

A
  • in order to achieve a clear image, the real distance and direction may be distorted
  • lots of lines can merge and overlap and so can be hard to read
35
Q

What is a dot map?

A

A dot map shows the distribution of geographical features such as people, houses or even plants

  • the dots are all the same size
  • the number of dots indicates the frequency
36
Q

What are the advantages of a dot map?

A
  • shows density and distribution across a wide area

- visual impact of patterns in spatial data, especially for locations of clusters

37
Q

What are the disadvantages of a dot map?

A
  • clustering can make it impossible to plot and interpret
  • large numbers of dots can be hard to count and interpret
  • areas with no dots give a false sense of emptiness
38
Q

What is an isoline map?

A

Isoline maps join places of equal value and show the distribution of an item over a particular area

39
Q

What are the advantages of isoline maps?

A
  • shows gradual changes in patterns over a large spatial area
  • uses fixed intervals so changes can be easily identified
40
Q

What are the disadvantages of isoline maps?

A
  • can be variations in the locations of each isoline

- only works if there’s plenty of data spread over a study area and the change in data in gradual

41
Q

What are the advantages of choropleth maps?

A
  • clear and visual as a display of patterns over an area, can show clusters or concentrations of data
  • percentages, ratios and averages can be effectively displayed on choropleth maps
42
Q

What are the disadvantages of choropleth maps?

A
  • no distinction between data within a shaded area

- when graduating shades it can be hard to distinguish between shades

Geography (14 decks)

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