P2 SA Rio de Janeiro ✈️

Question 1

Where is Rio de Janeiro?

Answer 1

S America
SE Brazil
Close to São Paulo
Found on the Atlantic ocean

Question 2

Name the 4 main landmarks of Rio

Answer 2

Christ the Redeemer statue
Ipanema + Copacabana beaches
Sugarloaf mountain
Guanabara bay

Question 3

In what way is Rio regionally important?

Answer 3

Statue of Christ the redeemer (one of 7 wonders of the world)

Question 4

How is Rio nationally important?

Answer 4

Brazil’s 2nd most important industrial city - produces 5% of country’s GDP

Question 5

How is Rio internationally important?

Answer 5

Important international hub with 5 ports and 3 airports

Question 6

North zone of Rio:
Main ___ and __ area
International airport and Maracana ____
Squatter settlements (___)

Answer 6

Industrial
Port
Football stadium
Favelas

Question 7

Centro Zone:
Oldest part of Rio - _____ ____
CBD and shopping
____ centre

Answer 7

Historic buildings
Financial

Question 8

South zone:
Main ____ area with Ipanema + Copacabana beaches
Luxury flats - _____ part of South America
Overlooked by ____ (largest favela in S America)

Answer 8

Tourist
Wealthiest
Rocinha

Question 9

West Zone:
Wealthy suburb with apartments, shopping, tourist facilities
Campo Grande - ___ area with low quality housing around the steelworks
____ stadium and village

Answer 9

Industrial
Olympic

Question 10

How and why has Rio grown?
Rio is Brazil’s ___ largest city
Brazil is in stage __ of the DTM
__% of urban growth is a result of migration

Answer 10

2nd
3
65%

Question 11

Where are people coming from and why?
Amazon Basin, Argentina and Bolivia because…

Answer 11

Lack of job opportunities outside of primary industry

Question 12

Where are people coming from and why?
S Korea and China because…

Answer 12

Seeking business opportunities

Question 13

People come from Portugal because…

Answer 13

Common language

Question 14

Social Challenges and Opportunities in Rio:
What are the social challenges?

Answer 14

Healthcare
Education
Water supply
Energy

Question 15

In 2013 what % of Rio had a local health clinic?
Services for the ___ and ____ were very poor
There were differences in healthcare across districts of ____ ___

Answer 15

55%
Elderly
Pregnant women
Varying wealth

Question 16

Solutions / opportunities: healthcare?

Answer 16

Medical staff took health kit into Santa Marta favela
Treated diseases —> infant mortality fell, life expectancy increased

Question 17

Children can drop out of school at what age?
Many who leave school become involved in what?

Answer 17

14
Crime

Question 18

Solutions / opportunities: education?

Answer 18

Encouraging locals to volunteer at schools
Grants to poor families
Free sports lessons in Rocinha
Private university in Rocinha

Question 19

__% of Rio’s population didn’t have access to running water
__% is lost through leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access

Answer 19

12%
37%

Question 20

Solutions / opportunities: water supply?

Answer 20

Work to improve quality / quantity of water in favelas + Olympic park
New treatment plants built
New pipes laid
By 2014 95% of population had mains water supply

Question 21

The city suffers frequent ___ due to an electricity ____

Answer 21

Blackouts
Shortage

Question 22

Many people in the poorer parts of Rio get their electricity by…
Why is this bad?

Answer 22

Tapping into the main supply
This is risky and unsafe

Question 23

Solutions / opportunities: energy?

Answer 23

New power lines
New nuclear generator
New Simplicio hydro-electric complex which will increase supply by 30%

Question 24

Economic Challenges in Rio:

Answer 24

Unemployment
Crime

Question 25

What % of people in Rio are employed in public services?

Answer 25

70%

Question 26

Rio provides how much of Brazil’s employment?

Answer 26

More than 6%

Question 27

All of Rio’s ___ have massively boosted the city’s ____. This development has allowed for improvements in _____ ____, services, the ___ and the favelas

Answer 27

Industries Economy Transport infrastructure Environment

Question 28

3 industries contributing to the positive multiplier effect in Rio are:

Answer 28

Oil + gas Container terminal Volta Redonda steelworks

Question 29

What is the informal economy?

Answer 29

Money earned that is not taxed (cash in hand) Unregulated Eg street vendors, handicraft, labourers, drug dealers, drivers

Question 30

What is the formal economy?

Answer 30

Money that is taxed and contributes to country’s GDP Regulated Eg retail, port industries, finance, tourism

Question 31

Advantages of informal economy?

Answer 31

Provides unskilled workers with jobs No tax paid to govt Flexibility

Question 32

Disadvantages of informal economy?

Answer 32

Uninsured Poorly paid (under £60 / month) Irregular work

Question 33

Economic Challenge: Unemployment ___ recession in Brazil increased ___ in ___

Answer 33

2015 Contrasts Wealth

Question 34

What is the unemployment rate in favelas?

Answer 34

Over 20%

Question 35

The richest 1% earns how much of total income?

Answer 35

12%

Question 36

Poorest 50% only earns __% of total income

Answer 36

13%

Question 37

Unemployment Solution: Schools of Tomorrow Programme What does it do?

Answer 37

Tackles youth unemployment using education Improves education in poor / violent areas Practical skills-based courses Adults can attend Free childcare for teenage parents

Question 38

Economic Challenge: Crime ___, ___ and assault are regular Powerful ___ control ___ trafficking in many favelas

Answer 38

Murder Kidnapping Gangs Drug

Question 39

Social unrest lowers ___ __ in some areas - businesses are ___ to ___ in these areas

Answer 39

Economic output Scared Operate

Question 40

Crime Solution: Pacifying Police Units What are they and what do they do?

Answer 40

Reclaim favelas from criminals / dealers Police have taken control of Complexo de Alemao and other favelas Usually kill criminals, not arrest - civilians can be caught in crossfire Try to rebuild communities

Question 41

What are the advantages of the Pacifying Police Units?

Answer 41

Drug gangs pushed out of favelas Lower crime rates More schools built Increased property values

Question 42

What are the disadvantages of the Pacifying Police Units?

Answer 42

Police brutality has led to accidental civilian deaths People have to start paying for water and electricity they used to get for free People have to pay taxes they can’t afford Drugs still huge issue

Question 43

Environmental Challenges:

Answer 43

Air pollution + traffic congestion Water pollution Waste pollution

Question 44

Environmental Challenge: Air Pollution and Traffic Congestion Heavy congestion causes buildup of ___ __ which mix with ___ from the Atlantic and ___ from factory chimneys

Answer 44

Exhaust fumes Mists Pollutants

Question 45

How many people die per year in Rio due to bad air quality?

Answer 45

5000

Question 46

Steep mountains mean…

Answer 46

Roads can only be build on low lands so main routes get jammed

Question 47

Number of cars in Rio has increased by…

Answer 47

40%

Question 48

Why do people prefer to travel by car in Rio?

Answer 48

High crime

Question 49

Solutions to Air Pollution / Traffic Congestion in Rio?

Answer 49

Expansion of metro system Roads that you have to pay to use Making coast roads one way during rush hour

Question 50

Environmental Challenge: Water Pollution Guanabara bay is highly polluted, causing threats to…

Answer 50

Wildlife Tourism to Ipanema and Copacabana

Question 51

How many polluted rivers flow into Guanabara Bay?

Answer 51

55

Question 52

How many tonnes of sewage flow into the bay each day?

Answer 52

200

Question 53

Ships empty what in the bay?

Answer 53

Their fuel tanks

Question 54

Solutions: Water Pollution

Answer 54

Overseas aid has reduced amount of sewage into bay New sewage works built Ships fines for illegally discharging fuel New sewage pipes in worst areas

Question 55

Environmental Challenge: Waste Pollution What is the root cause of the waste issue?

Answer 55

The favelas

Question 56

Why is waste collection difficult in favelas?

Answer 56

Steep slopes with no proper roads - difficult for waste lorries to access

Question 57

Solution: Waste Pollution

Answer 57

Power plant set up which uses methane gas (biogas) from rotting rubbish Produces enough electricity for 1000 homes

Question 58

Why are the favelas growing?

Answer 58

People have moved from Amazon and areas of drought to seek better life Birth rate is higher in favelas

Question 59

How many favelas are there?

Answer 59

Up to 1000

Question 60

Where are the favelas?

Answer 60

60% in suburbs 25% in outer cities

Question 61

What are the challenges of favelas?

Answer 61

Construction Services Unemployment Crime Health

Question 62

Houses in favelas are ____ constructed, built with ___ ___

Answer 62

Poorly Basic materials

Question 63

___ in 1000 people are murdered in favelas

Answer 63

20

Question 64

Average incomes in favelas are…

Answer 64

Under £75 / month

Question 65

Some favelas are built on ___ ___ which are ___ prone

Answer 65

Steep slopes Landslide

Question 66

Employment in favelas is ____ paid and ____

Answer 66

Poorly Irregular

Question 67

What dominate many favelas?

Answer 67

Drug gangs

Question 68

Why do people in favelas distrust police?

Answer 68

Violence and corruption

Question 69

Infant mortality rates in favelas are…

Answer 69

50 in 1000

Question 70

What increases the risk of disease in favelas?

Answer 70

Waste cannot be properly disposed

Question 71

What improvements have been made to Rocinha?

Answer 71

90% of houses built with brick and have electricity, water and sewage Many houses with TVs and fridges Newspapers + radio stations Retail facilities (shops, bars, restaurants) Schools, health facilities, private university

Question 72

Up until 1930 what did the government do about favelas?

Answer 72

Deny their existence - not on any maps, no basic services

Question 73

In 1985 it was suggested that instead of ___ the favelas they should ___ them

Answer 73

Destroying Upgrade

Question 74

Improvements include rehousing people in basic ___ housing, raising ___ on the rich to pay for housing for the poor, using ____ and colours to improve look of buildings, developing ___ areas to encourage people to stay in countryside, and moving people to less crowded areas of Rio to reduce ____

Answer 74

Concrete Taxes Artwork Rural Overcrowding

Question 75

What is the Favela Bairro project?

Answer 75

A site and service scheme - land and services are provided for residents to build homes

Question 76

Where is the Favela Bairro Project?

Answer 76

Complexo de Alemao (North zone)

Question 77

How many people involved in Favela Bairro?

Answer 77

60,000

Question 78

What improvements has the Favela Bairro project made? (Name 5)

Answer 78

Paved roads Access to water supply Improved sanitation Hillsides secured to prevent landslides Police pacifying unit patrolling community Cable car systems across hillside - residents given 1 free return ticket per day

Question 79

What have been the successes of the Favela Bairro project?

Answer 79

Number of local businesses has almost doubled Standard of living and health of residents has improved Property values have increased by 80-120%

Question 80

What have been the failures of the Favela Bairro project?

Answer 80

Rent and house prices rise —> poorer people are priced out of their homes New buildings not being maintained by government More training needed to improve literacy and employment Residents lack skills to repair damage

Question 81

What negative effects have the Olympics had on the favelas?

Answer 81

Favelas demolished for arena construction 1000 people lost homes for new road Some of new housing lacks community, has no shops or anywhere for children to play

Question 82

What positive effects have the Olympics had on the favelas?

Answer 82

Some people relocated to better housing Favelas near Olympic park redeveloped Employment building Olympic facilities