(P2)Homologous Series’ Flashcards
What is a homologous series?
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties and the same general formula
What is the main difference between alkanes and alkenes?
What are their general formulas?
Alkanes have single bonds, alkenes have double bonds.
Alkane: Cn H 2n+2
Alkene:Cn H 2n
What are the first 4 prefixes?
Meth, eth, prop, but
What are the chemical properties of alkenes?
When they react completely with oxygen (complete combustion) carbon is oxidised to carbon dioxide, and hydrogen is oxidised to water vapour
How do you distinguish between alkanes and alkenes?
Add bromine water to solution. It stays orange in an alkane, and is de colourised in an alkene (as they are unsaturated)
What is the functional group of alcohols?
OH
What do methanol, ethanol and propanol have in common? (3 things)
Dissolve in water to form a neutral solution, react with sodium to produce hydrogen, burn in air
What products are made during the complete combustion of an alcohol?
Alcohols are oxidised to form what?
Carbon dioxide and water
Carboxylic acids
What is the general formula of alcohol?
Cn H 2n+1 OH
What is the formula for fermentation?
Glucose —-> Ethanol + CO2
Yeast is needed
What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
COOH
What do carboxylic acids produce when they react with carbonates and when they react with metals?
They dissolve in water to produce what?
Carbonates: salt water and CO2
Metals: salt and hydrogen
Acidic solutions
Why are carboxylic acids weak acids?
As they only partially dissociate into ions when they dissolve in water
