Acids, Alkalis and Salts Flashcards
Is the pH of acids above or below 7?
Below
Acids are a source of what ions?
Hydrogen ions
Alkalis are a source of what ions?
Hydroxide ions
What is the difference between a concentrated and a dilute solution?
A concentrated solution has a greater amount of dissolved solute particles
Name two strong acids, and explain why they are strong
Hydrochloride and sulfuric acid, because they fully dissociate into ions in the solution
Name a weak acid
Ethanoic acid, as it only partially dissociates
What are two characteristics of a strong acid?
Higher concentration of hydrogen ions, but lower pH
What is a base?
Any substance that reacts with an acid to form salt and water only. Alkalis are bases
Are metal oxides and metal hydroxides bases?
Yes
How is a salt formed?
When hydrogen ions in a solution are replaced by metal or ammonium ions
Metals react with acids to form what products?
Salt and hydrogen
Metal carbonates react with acids to form what products
Salt, water and carbon dioxide
What is neutralisation?
What happens in an acid-alkali neutralisation?
The reaction between an acid and a base.
Hydrogen ions react with the hydroxide ions to form water
How do you obtain salts from soluble bases?
1) use an acid-base titration to find the exact volume base needed to react with the acid
2) mix the acid with the base to produce a salt (+water)
3) evaporate the water to leave crystals behind
How do you obtain salts from insoluble bases?
1) add excess base to the acid
2) filter to remove base
3) crystallise solution by heating
