P2 - heating transfers Flashcards
What is thermal conduction
Where thermal energy is transferred through a solid
What is thermal conductivity
The ability of a material to transmit energy via thermal conduction
How does thermal conduction work
When particles are hot they vibrate and hit into adjacent particles, transferring energy
What is thermal convection
A form of heat transfer where thermal energy is transferred through a liquid or gas
How does thermal convection work
The bottom of a fluid heats up, so those particles rise to the top because hot fluid is less dense, and the more dense particles sink, then are heated so rise again. This cycle is called a convection current
What is radiation (heat transfers)
A form of heat transfer that doesn’t require particles - electromagnetic waves
What determines how much thermal radiation an object emits
How hot it is
What surfaces reflect radiation
Light coloured, shiny surfaces
What surfaces absorb radiation
Dark coloured, matte surfaces
What is insulation
Where you use an object with low thermal conductivity to keep something hot/cold
What is the specific heat capacity of an object
The energy needed to raise 1kg of the substance by 1 degree
Symbol equation for specific heat capacity
E = mc theta
Word equation for specific heat capacity
Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
