P12- Wave Properties Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a transverse wave?

Which waves are all transverse waves?

A

1) A transverse wave is a wave that oscillates perendicular to the energy transfer of the wave.
2) All electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. The ripples on a water surface are an exmale of a transverse wave.

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2
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

Give an example of a longitudinal wave.

A

1) A longitudinal wave oscillates parallel to the direction of energy transfer of the waves.
2) Sound waves in the air are longitudinal waves.

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3
Q

What do mechanical waves need in order to travel through?

What type of wave can they be?

A

1) Mechanical waves need a medium (substance) to travel through.
2) They can either be a transverse wave or a longitudinal wave.

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4
Q

Give the formula for Period.

What is Period?

A

1) Period = 1/Frequency

2) Period is the time taken for each wave to pass a fixed point.

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5
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave?

What is the wavelength of a wave?

A

1) The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from its undisturbed position.
2) The wavelength of a wave is the distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the adjacent wave.

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6
Q

Give the formula for wave speed.

What is wave speed?

A

1) Wave speed = frequency x wavelength.

2) Wave speed is thhe speed at which the wave move through the medium.

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7
Q

What is the refraction of waves?

A

1) Refraction of waves is the change of direction in which they are travelling when they cross a boundary between one medium and another medium.

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8
Q

How are plane waves in a ripple tank reflected?

A

1) Plane waves in a ripple tank are reflected from a straight barrier at the same angle to the barrier as the incident waves because their speed and wavelength do not change on reflection.

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9
Q

When are plane waves refracted?

A

1) Plane waves crossing a boundary between two different materials are refracted unless they cros the boundary at normal incidence.

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10
Q

What happens at a boundary?

A

1) At a boundary between 2 different materials, waves can be transmitted or asorbed.

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11
Q

What are sound waves?

Where can they not travel?

A

1) Sound waves are vibrations that travel through a medium.

2) They cannot travel through a vacuum (eg: space)

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12
Q

What happens to the pitch of a note when something to do with frequency changes?
What happens to the loudness of a note when something to do with amplitude changes?

A

1) The pitch of a note increases if the frequency of the sound waves increases.
2) The loudness of a note increases if the amplitude of the sound waves increases.

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13
Q

What do sound waves cause the ear drums to do?

A

1) Sound waves cause the ear drums to vibrate and therefore send signals to the brain.

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14
Q

What is the range of frequency that a human ear can detect?

A

1) 20hz - 20,000hz.

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15
Q

Why is human hearing limited?

A

1) Human hearing is limited because the conversion of sound waves to vibration of solids works over a limited fequency range.

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16
Q

What is an ultrasound wave and what are their uses?

A

1) An ultrasound wave is a wave that has a frequency which is higher than the upper limit of hearing for humans.
2) Ultrasound waves can be used for medical and industrial imaging.

17
Q

What is an ultrasound scanner made up of?

A

1) An ultrasound scanner is made up of a transducer placed on the body surface, a control system and a display screen.

18
Q

When might ultrasound waves be reflected?

A

1) Ultrasound waves might be reflected when they meet a boundary between two different media.

19
Q

What happens to each ultrasound wave pulse from the transducer?

A

1) It is partially reflected from the different tissue in its path.
2) It then returns to the transducer as a sequence of ultrasound waves reflected by the tissue boundaries, arriving back at different times.

20
Q

Why are ultrasound waves partly reflected by body organs?

A

1) They are reflected at boundaries between different types of tissue so that they can scan organs and other soft tissues in the body.

21
Q

What is a seismic wave?

How are they produced?

A

1) A seismic wave is a wave that travels through the earth.

2) Seismic waves are produced in an earthquake and spread out from the epicentre.

22
Q

What type of waves are P waves and S waves?

What do they provide evidence for?

A

1) A Primary Seismic wave (P Wave) is a longitudinal wave.
2) A Secondary Seismic wave (S Wave) is a transverse wave.
3) They provide evidence for the structure and size of the earth’s core.

23
Q

Explain the strcture of the earth.

A

1) The earth has a solid inner core surrounded by a liquid outer core, surrounded by the mantle. The mantle is surrounded by the earth’s crust.