P1 Section A (Language and Representations) Flashcards
implied reader
implied reader is a constructed image of an ideal reader
implied writer
implied writer is a constructed image of an ideal writer
discourse community
a discourse community is a group of people with shared interests and beliefs who are likely to respond to texts in similar ways.
representation
representation is the portrayal of events, people and circumstances through language and other resources (like sound and images) to create a way of seeing the world
audience positioning
audience positioning is the assumptions made in a text about its readers backgrounds and values in order to guide them to an interpretation
mode
mode is the physical channel of communication like writing or speech
context
context is the temporal and spatial situation in which a text is received or produced, e.g during WW2
instrumental power
instrumental power is power used to maintain and enforce authority
influential power
influential power is power used to influence or persuade others
what are wareings three types of power?
wareings 3 types of power include - political, personal and social group.
what is wareings political power
wareings political power is power held by politicians and police and those who work in law courts
what is wareings personal power
wareings personal power is power held as a result of occupation eg a teacher.
what is wareings social group power
wareings social group power is held as a result of social variable like age, class and gender.
Faircloughs 4 types of power
faircloughs 4 types of power are knowledge, practical, positional and personal power.
what is faircloughs knowledge power
faircloughs knowledge power is using knowledge and ideas to influence
what is faircloughs personal power
faircloughs personal power is using power to influence people through personality
what is faircloughs positional power
faircloughs positional power is power gained from position
what is faircloughs practical power
faircloughs practical power is power through physical actions, violence, skill, money, goods and services
what is power in discourse
power in discourse is ways in which power is manifested through language (lexical choices)
what is power behind discourse
power behind discourse focuses on social and ideological reasons behind the use of power
typography
typography is the font type, colours, underlining etc
iconic sign
an iconic sign is a direct picture of the thing it represents
a symbolic sign
a symbolic sign draws on association or connotation
antonym
antonym is words that have the opposite
hyponymy
hyponymy is a hierarchy of meaning of words from general to specific
collocation
collocation are words that are often seen together
euphemism
euphemism is a more socially acceptable word for a taboo topic
dysphemism
dysphemism is a more blunt or direct word instead of a polite word
back channelling
back channeling is words/phrases to show speaker support like - yeah, okay, uh-huh
discourse marker
discourse marker is a signal of shift in conversation or topic
filler
fillers are sounds that act as pause - like erm
hedging
hedging is using word to express a lack of certainty in order to be less direct, for example - “I believe”,
paralinguistic features
paralinguistic features are non-verbal aspects of speech like body language and gestures
cohesion
cohesion is how well a text fits together and flows
context of production (questions to ask when writing about meaning and representation)
who wrote the text? when was it produced? why was it produced (purpose)? where was it produced? whom is intended for (implied audience)?
context for reception (questions to ask self when writing about meanings and representations)
who is receiving the text (actual audience and implied)? when is it being received? why is it being received (actual purpose)? where is it being received?
what is synthetic personalisation?
synthetic personalisation is addressing a mass audience as if it was a private 1 on 1 conversation.
prosodic features
prosodic features are verbal aspects of speech like tempo, dynamics (volume) and pitch.
WRITE ABOUT PATTERNS IN THE TEXT -
CONNECT PATTERNS ACROSS THE TEXT - ALL ACROSS BUT MORE PARTICULARLY THIS PLACE
WRITE ABOUT WHAT MAKES A TEXT OLD - THE WAYS PEOPLE THOUGHT AND SPOKE/ WHAT MAKES IT CURRENT
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WRITE ABOUT DIFFERENT PUNCTUSTUON, PROSODIC AND PARALINGUISTIC FESTURES LIKE EXCLAMATIONS AND EMOJIS AND HOW THEY COMBUNE TO CREATE A MEANING
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