P1 Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What does the kinetic particle theory explain?

A

Solids, liquids, and gases

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2
Q

When a solid is heated, does it vibrate faster or slower about their fixed points?

A

It vibrates faster.

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3
Q

What is evaporation increased by?

A

Higher temperatures

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4
Q

How are the particles arranged in a solid?

A

Close together, regular pattern, and they vibrate on the spot

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5
Q

Particles in both liquids and gases (collectively called fluids) move randomly. What is this called?

A

Brownian motion

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6
Q

Heat is thermal energy. It can be transferred from one place to another by __________

A

Heat is thermal energy. It can be transferred from one place to another by conduction.

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7
Q

Metals are good conductors of heat, but non-metals and gases are usually poor conductors. What are poor conductors called?

A

Insulators

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8
Q

Conduction, convection and _________

A

Conduction, convection, and radiation

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9
Q

Liquids and gases ______ when they are heated

A

Liquids and gases expand when they are heated.

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10
Q

Where is heat energy conducted from?

A

Heat energy is conducted from the hot end of an object to the cold end.

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11
Q

What is conduction?

A

Conduction is when heat or electricity can be transferred through the material of a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential.

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12
Q

What is convection?

A

Convection occurs when particles with a lot of heat energy in a liquid or gas move and take the place of particles with less heat energy.

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13
Q

What is radiation?

A

the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization.

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14
Q

Name some suggestions to reduce heat loss.

A
  1. Fit carpets, curtains, and draft excluders, or maybe even foil reflectors in/on the walls. 2. Use double-glazing windows. 3. Use cavity wall insulation. 4. Lay loft insulation in the roof
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15
Q

In houses or buildings, where is heat lost?

A

Heat is lost through roofs, windows, walls, floors, and through small gaps around doors and windows.

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16
Q

Explain what all of the colours represent in a thermogram.

A

The white and red parts represent the hottest part, meaning more heat is being lost, orange and green represent the medium temperatures, and blue and purple represent the coldest parts.

17
Q

What is efficiency?

A

Efficiency is a measure of how much useful energy is converted.

18
Q

What is a sankey diagram?

A

Sankey diagrams summarise all of the energy transfers taking place in a process. The thicker the line or arrow, the greater the amount of energy is involved in the process.

19
Q

What is conservation of energy?

A

Conservation of energy is when energy can be transferred usefully, stored, or dissipated. It cannot be created or destroyed.

20
Q

How can the efficiency of a device be calculated?

A

Either:
efficiency = useful energy out ÷ total energy in (for a decimal efficiency)

Or:
efficiency = (useful energy out ÷ total energy in) x 100 (for a percentage efficiency)