History - Medicine Flashcards
Who developed the The Theory of the Four Humours?
Hippocrates
What did the Greeks consider to be a healthy body?
A balanced body
How did Hippocrates suggest that Greek doctors cure their patients?
Clinical observation
What were believed to be the 4 liquids inside the body?
Blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile
If someone had a fever how would the ancient doctors treat them?
Bleed them
Who was Galen?
Anatomist
What did Galen call his theory?
The Theory of Opposites
What did Galen prove about the body?
It was controlled by the brain and not the heart
Who did Galen develop his early medical skills on?
Gladiators
How did fresh water arrive in Roman cities?
Aqueducts
What did the Roman sewers rely on to work effectively?
Rain water
How many people could visit a Roman bath in a week?
5000
Why were Roman latrines a good idea?
Cleaner streets
Who was Asclepius?
God of Healing
Name two things that people thought caused disease in the Middle Ages?
- Supernatural
- Misalignment of the planets
How long were Galen’s ideas believed?
1500 years
Describe public health in the Middle Ages
- Bad living conditions
- Butchers killing animals in the street
Name 3 healers from the Middle Ages
- Wise woman
- Apothecary
- Barber-surgeon
Who controlled education in the Middle Ages?
The Church
When did the Black Death hit England?
1348
Name 3 symptoms of the Black Death
- High Fever
- Diarrhoea
- Buboes around the groin and armpits
Who were the flagellents?
People who would beat themselves for their sins in order to avoid illness
What was an apothecary?
Someone who have mixed medicine
Where were the poor treated in this period?
Home
By looking at their urine, how did doctors diagnose patients?
Astrology - Positions of the planets and moon
What was a popular way to treat illnesses or wounds in 1350?
Herbal remedies
What was the Pneumonic plague?
Caused the victim to cough up blood and struggle to breathe
Why were Jews massacred in this period?
They were believed to be poisoning the wells
How were people treated at home in the Middle Ages?
By a female family member using herbal remedies
Explain why the plague spread around so quickly in homes?
Treatments were going on which caused the spread of disease
Who were Quacks?
Healer with no training, who could make a lot of money selling charms or remedies
Who were hospitals run by in 1350?
Monks and/or nuns who believed God might have sent the illness in the first place. Medical care focused on praying for patients souls
Why did hospitals not admit infectious or incurable patients?
No medical professionals
Who paid for hospitals to be opened in between 1350 and 1750?
Local people, charities, and town councils
Who were hospitals run by in 1750?
Trained physicians and nurses without medical training, but they now admitted infectious patients
Was the same treatment used in 1750?
Herbal remedies and minor surgery was common, but prayer was still heavily used
What did Galen teach the church?
All body parts fitted together to make a well-designed whole, which fitted into what the Bible taught about man being made in God’s image
What else did the Church control?
Libraries - it chose what to translate and copy, therefore choosing Galen’s books
Why was it difficult for any further anatomical discoveries to be made in the Church?
They did not allow human dissection, meaning medical students had to go on what Galen taught as they were not able to discover anything different for themselves
