P1 GEOGRAPHY- Ecosystems and TRFs Flashcards
What is a food chain?
shows direct links between organisms in an ecosystem via lines.
What is a food web?
Shows the connection between organisms in an ecosystem.
What is nutrient cycling?
Nutrients= food used by plants/animals to grow
When a plant/animal dies decomposers help them to recycle the nutrients again and again.
What are producers?
They convert energy from the environment to gain nutrients i.e. sun into sugars
What are consumers?
Get energy from eating producers and the sugars produced by producers
What are decomposers?
Break down plant/animal material return the nutrients to the soil i.e. fungi and bacteria
What is abiotic? Give examples
Non living parts of an ecosystem like soil and temperature and light
What is biotic? Give examples
Living elements of an ecosystem like plants and animals
What is a biome and what is small scale?
Give examples of 5 biomes and 2 small scale ecosystems?
A biome is a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying large scale ecosystem and then there are also small scale ecosystems.
5 biomes are— tundra, desert ,savannah, TRFs, deciduous woodland
2 small– pond, woodlands
What is an ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a natural environment and includes an interdependent community of the flora and fauna that live and interact within that environment. Ecosystems are dependent on abiotic and biotic factors to survive.
What is the growing temperature for plants?
6 degrees Celsius
What is permafrost?
a thick surface layer of frozen soil that remains below freezing point.
What does interdependence mean?
Dependence of 2 or more things on each other like plants and animals need soil to grow and soil needs plants and animals for nutrients via decomposition.
Give 1 reason why energy is lost at each level in a food chain?
Primary consumers excrete and use energy to perform actions like running and it loses energy
Why are changes sometimes bad for ecosystems?
1 change can change the whole ecosystem
Give examples of natural changes:
Wildfires- fires burn habitats but soil fertilises from ash
Flooding - drowning and change of habitat
Droughts- lead to a dry climate= lack of water= dehydration
Give examples of human changes:
Agriculture- fertilisers lead to an increase of nitrate in water= more algae= more oxygen so fish dead
Climate Change-green house gases= hotter climate
Fish Stocking-Putting fish in unfamiliar environments
TRFS characteristics
Soil- Rich in Iron but infertile as nutrients get washed out by heavy rain
Vegetation- Grows in distinct layers and have adapted to climate and poor soils i.e. drip tips and buttress roots
Climate- Daily average temps of 28*C
At least 2000mm of rain falls and its sticky and humid
Location- South America, South East Asia etc
Tundra Characteristics
Soil- poor nutrients and an underlayer of soil called permafrost which remains frozen
Vegetation- known for lack of vegetation/trees
Climate- temperatures stay below 0 degrees Celsius and main precipitation is snow but winds are strong.
Summers have continuous hours of daylight but winters are long and dark.
Location- top of the world near north pole i.e. Alaska, northern Canada, Greenland and Russia
Name some rainforests around the world.
Ecuador cloud forest, Sinharaja Forest, Sumatra Forest and the renowned amazon rainforest
On a graph what represents rainfall and what represents the temperature?
Rainfall= bars Temperature= line