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1.4(CS) and Chemical analysis > Classical Civilisation- The Odyssey > Flashcards

Classical Civilisation- The Odyssey Flashcards

1
Q

What Period was the odyssey set, written and composed in?

A

Set in the Mycenean age- Written and composed in Archaic/ Classical period

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2
Q

What is oral poetry?

A

Form of poetry transmitted with a narration not writing

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3
Q

What is an Aoidos/ Bard?

A

High trained Greek singer who narrated oral poetry

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4
Q

What is meant by epic poetry?

A

Epos means poem and an epic poetry was detail of an extraordinary quest/adventure from a central character

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5
Q

When (what period) was the Greek alphabet/ writing invented?

A

Archaic Period

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6
Q

Who is Homer?

A

Aoidos from ancient world known: The Odyssey/ Iliad- thought to be blind and scholars debate if Homer is a group

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7
Q

Why is Homer significant?

What is he known as?

A

Contributed to Greek values/ established Greek identity( teacher of Greece).

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8
Q

How long did the Trojan war last?- How long did Odysseus take to come home?- How long was Odysseus captive to Calypso?-
What island is Odysseus from?

A

10 years, 10 years, 7 years , Ithaca

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9
Q

What is the structure of the Odyssey like and why has homer used this technique?

A

Non chronological order=intrigued to hear about quest via flashbacks= Dramatic Atmosphere

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10
Q

Name 7 language techniques used in Greek Literature

A

Epithet, Formulae, Simile, Epic Simile( longer simile with developed imagery), Pathos, Gory imagery and Dramatic irony

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11
Q

What is the greek word for task?

A

topos

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12
Q

What is book 1 about?

A

Telemachus introduced & Gods decide to help Odysseus & Athena gives Telemachus hope. He goes to oust the suitors & sends his mum up

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13
Q

What are some adjectives/epithets of Telemachus?

A

Courageous, Godlike, Prudent, Youthful

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14
Q

What hyperbole is used in bk 2 to make us pity O?

A

Most unfortunate man to ever live

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15
Q

What is Athena’s relationship with Odysseus?

A

He is her favourite mortal- so she helps him

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16
Q

How are the themes of Xenia, Kleos showed?

A

Xenia- suitors abuse xenia- “their eating me out of my home”. T says “Welcome friend!” to Athena ( disguised)
Kleos- “He failed to save his comrades in spite of all efforts made”

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17
Q

How does Homer show that the audience felt pity for T?

A

Q: A wave of pity swept through the gathering

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18
Q

How does T take back control?

A

Instructs his mother to go up and weave and she cries as she misses her husband. And calls himself master of the house= responsibility/ Kleos

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19
Q

What is bk 2 about?

A

T tells suitors to leave and suitors blame P for deceitfulness and don’t go. Soothsayer says O will return and kill all suitors but they laugh. Ends in fight

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20
Q

How can we see the use of the epithet of dawn?

A

fresh & rosy fingered

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21
Q

Which suitor argues with T in Ithaca?

A

Antinous

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22
Q

What does T do?

A

Departs to find dad in Sparta and Pylos but only tells his nurse ( not P).

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23
Q

How can we see Odysseus characteristics in T?

A

He is orally gifted as all eyes turn to him in admiration

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24
Q

What is said about Penelope and what can we infer about her as a Greek kyria?

A

Shrewd as she makes a new shroud everyday and deceives the suitors= not good kyria BUT is loyal and is skilled in handicrafts= ideal

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25
Q

What is a characteristic of the Suitors?

A

Abusive and Greedy- “ the suitors will continue to eat you out of your home”

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26
Q

What is Book 5 about?

A

We meet Calypso and Hermes frees O and he leaves her island by building a raft.

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27
Q

Who is Calypso?

A

Calypso is an immortal goddess/ Nymph

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28
Q

Why does Calypso have ideals of a good kyria?

A

sings with a beautiful voice, weaves and offers Hermes xenia.

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29
Q

How does Calypso help Odysseus?

A

Helping him build a raft and supplies for his journey home

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30
Q

What island is Calypso from/ inhabitant of?

A

Ogygia which is described as full of delight

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31
Q

What happens when Calypso is asked to free Odysseus?

A

She angrily comments on how the gods hate goddesses having affairs with mortals but agrees.

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32
Q

How is Odysseus achieving kleos in Ogyia but how does he a bad husband?

A

Achieves Nostos EVERYDAY i.e cries BUT sleeps with Calypso every night (his will?)

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33
Q

What is book 6 about?

A

Odysseus reaches land of the Phaeacia in forest and is naked. he is awoken by Nausicaa and contemplates to beg or ask nicely- she helps and is in love

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34
Q

Why does Odysseus arrive in Phaceia?

A

Poseidon spots his raft & seeks (nemesis) for his son Polyphemus & produces a storm that torments Odysseus. He is washed up on Phaecia.

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35
Q

Describe Nausicaa (princess of Phaecians)

A

White armed- Epithet and O says “ Artemis is who your beauty reminds me of.

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36
Q

Who is king and queen of phaecia?

A

Alcinous and Aretes

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37
Q

How does Nausicaa help O?

A

Gives him her clothes, allows him to bathe and lets him moisturise after which she wishes he was her husband

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38
Q

Who is O stopped by on his way to the palace of Alcinous?

A

A disguised young girl- Athena

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39
Q

Explain who O meets in Book 9:

A

The cicones, Lotus Eaters, The cyclopes

40
Q

Why does O narrate book 9?

A

telling Alcinous his story after he cries hearing Bard talk about Troy

41
Q

BOOK 8- WHO INSULTS ODYSSEUS?

A

One of the young athletes, Broadsea, then insults him, which goads his pride to action. Odysseus easily wins the discus toss

42
Q

What happens in Book 8?

A

The Phaecians games - O cries and is challenged etc

43
Q

What are the audiences impressions of the comrades?

A

They are disobedient and stupid

44
Q

WHAT TO DO IN A 4 MARK QUESTION?

A

LITREALLY point and evidence twice.

45
Q

Why do the cicones kill 6 men from each of Odysseus’s ships?

A

The men loot the land until reinforced ranks of the Cicones turn on them and attack. ( they abuse xenia)

46
Q

What is the city of the cicones? and what simile is used to describe them?

A

Ismarus and As hick as the leaves in spring and disaster sent by Zeus= contrasting imagery

47
Q

Where do they arrive after the land of Ismarus?

A

Land of the lotus eaters

48
Q

Why are the lotus eater so uncivilised/barbarians?

A

No Greek value of nostos so they have no Kleos

49
Q

What happens to the comrades who eat the lotus flower?

A

Lose their nostos and are intoxicated so O has to drag them and tie them back

50
Q

What do the Lotus Eaters symbolise?

A

Temptation of Oblivion using drugs- selfish and lack of purpose

51
Q

What is meant by Anachronistic?

A

Attributing something to a period where it didn’t exist i.e. phones in 1765

52
Q

Why are the Cyclopes uncivilised?

A

Selfish and no interest in neighbours or a society. Also no assembly so no dictations = immoral

53
Q

Why are the Cyclopes disrespectful to Zeus via their way of life?

A

No value for law and order so are chaotic savages and don’t attribute their life to Zeus as he is god of oaths

54
Q

How could we describe the Cyclopes?

A

A rough and uncivilized race of one-eyed giants

55
Q

What happens after they get to the land of the Cyclopes?

A

They come upon a cave full of sheep & milk and cheese. The men advise Odysseus to snatch some of the food and hurry off but he decides to linger.

56
Q

Why can Odysseus be blamed for his actions in Polyphemus’s land?

A

He and his comrades abused Xenia and are disrespectful. His good leadership s questionable as he assumes his host is civilised & puts men at risk

57
Q

Why is Odysseus a good leader here as well?

A

Shows self restraint by not stealing

58
Q

Where is an anachronistic element used in ACT9?

A

Unlike any man who eats bread- bread wasn’t invented so shows how homer suits the play for his contemporary audience

59
Q

Who is Polyphemus?

A

Poseidon’s son who is a cyclopes

60
Q

With exhaustion and anxiety gnawing at our hearts

A

personification and pathos

61
Q

How does Polyphemus display he is civilised?

A

Pairs baby rams with their mothers

62
Q

What does Polyphemus then do?

A

Traps the men in a cave and violently kills some men and eats them.

63
Q

Where is an example of gory imagery?

A

Their brains ran out on the ground and soaked up the earth.

64
Q

Where is an example of a simile?

A

Limb by limb he tore them and devoured them like a mountain lion.

65
Q

What does Odysseus do to trick Polyphemus?

A

Gets him drunk on wine which causes him to vomit and then O using an olive pole he blinds the cyclops.

66
Q

What does O call himself when the Cyclops asks for his name- and why?

A

Nobody, so when other Cyclops ask who is hurting him, he says nobody.

67
Q

What does Odysseus do to escape the cave?

A

Curls under a ram so when the ram exists the cave- P will touch its fluff above and O can escape

68
Q

Why does P think his favourite ram is the last one out?

A

He thinks its grieving for its master but really its laded with weight.

69
Q

Where can we see kleos after O and his comrades escape?

A

They break into loud lamentations= symbol of masculinity

70
Q

What ignorant thing does Odysseus do?

A

Reveals the 3 facts needed for P to curse him ( his dads name, land and name)

71
Q

What curse does P put on Odysseus?

A

either never reach land OR arrive late with all dead comrades and wretched with troubles

72
Q

What is Odysseus’s hamartia?

A

His hubris (arrogance)

73
Q

How does Odysseus calling himself nobody entertain the GREEK audience?

A

Metis meant nobody and cunning

Therefore its a pun= humorous

74
Q

What do you do for a 6 mark question?

A

3 marks for identifying features and 3 for analysation

75
Q

Where did Odysseus arrive to after the land of the Cyclopes?

A

Island of Aeolia (home of Aeolus)

76
Q

What did Aeolus do in the beginning?

A

entertained O for a whole month (Xenia) and made arrangements for his journey

77
Q

What gift did Aeolus give to Odysseus?

A

A bag of wind to help with sailing

78
Q

Where do we see bad leadership from O and good leadership in BK10?

A

O steers the ship alone= hardworking BUT lack of teamwork which causes him to fall asleep

79
Q

What happens when O falls asleep?

A

Men are jealous O got a gift( they assumed its gold)and open the bag - which cause them to go back to Aeolia and away from Ithaca

80
Q

Where does Homer use pathos here?

A

“I debated whether to jump and drown or stay amongst the living”- suicide contemplation

81
Q

Does Aeolus help him the 2nd time?

A

No as he believes O is detested by the gods and is damned and chucks him out

82
Q

Where do O and his men land next?

A

The Laestrygonian land called Lamus in Telepylus

83
Q

Why do the Laestrygonians seem civilised?

A

They bring in flocks, have an excellent harbour and wagons for bringing timber.

84
Q

Who is the Laestrygonian chief?

A

Antiphates

85
Q

Where does O and his men place their ship?

A

Outside the harbour and his men are in the harbour.

86
Q

Who do the men meet and ask for directions?

A

Antiphates daughter who doesn’t disclose her identity

87
Q

What happened when the men encountered Antiphates and his wife?

A

They were GIANT humans and had murderous intentions and ate 1 of the men (cannibals) and the other men are also killed

88
Q

What happens to the rest of the ships?

A

They are destroyed ( all but Odysseus’s)

89
Q

Where did they arrive after Lamus?

A

Island of Aeaea (Circes home= goddess)

90
Q

Who is Circe?

A

Daughter of Hellos and Pesse, A witch, Medeas Aunty, Descendant of Hecate.

91
Q

Where in BK10 do we see dramatic Irony?

A

Odysseus says “ we are not going to the house of Hades” but we know all his men die

92
Q

Where do we feel pathos for the men?

A

When they see a wisp of smoke they break into loud lamentation so to a contemporary audience=PTSD

93
Q

Who does Odysseus give charge to visit Circe (2nd group)?

A

Eurylochus- who doesn’t enter as he suspects a trap ( bad leadership?)

94
Q

What is Circe doing as the men enter?

A

Singing beautifully and at the loom// to Calypso

95
Q

Who calls Circe and why was this bad leadership from Odysseus?

A

Polites and he trusted somebody naïve

96
Q

What does Circe do?

A

Deceives the men with Xenia but adds a drug that makes them pigs with mind of man!– emasculates them

97
Q

Who is Pisistratus?

A

Nestors son and Telemachus’ friend

1.4(CS) and Chemical analysis (11 decks)

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