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Working scientifically > P1 Energy > Flashcards

P1 Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of energy stores?

A 
Kinetic
Gravitational potential
elastic
thermal
electrostatic
magnetic
nuclear
chemical
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2
Q

What are the type of energy transfers?

A

Mechanical
Electrical
Thermal
Radiation (light and sound)

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3
Q

What is work done?

A

Energy transferred

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4
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A system where no energy or objects can move in and out

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5
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

1/2 x mass x v^2

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6
Q

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

A

Mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height (m)

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7
Q

What is the equation for elastic energy?

A

1/2 x spring constant x extension^2

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8
Q

What is the conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred from one source to the other

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9
Q

What does it mean when energy dissipates?

A

Wasted to the surroundings

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10
Q

What is the specific heat capacity of an object?

A

The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of object by 1 degrees

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11
Q

What is the equation of power?

A

Work done / time

Energy transferred / time

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12
Q

What are the units of power?

A

Watt

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13
Q

How do you calculate the efficiency?

A

Useful output energy / total input energy

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14
Q

What is conduction?

A

Process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles

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15
Q

What is convection

A

Where energetic particles move from hotter to cooler regions

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16
Q

What moves in conduction?

A

Energy transfers

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17
Q

What moves in convection?

A

Particles themselves

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18
Q

What are two ways to reduce unwanted energy transfer

A

Thermal insulation and lubrication

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19
Q

Lubrication prevents …

A

Energy dissipation from friction

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20
Q

Thermal insulation prevents …

A

Energy dissipation from heating

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21
Q

What are two ways to decrease how quickly building cools?

A

Make the walls thicker

Make the walls out of material which have low thermal conductivity

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22
Q

What does low thermal conductivity mean?

A

Don’t conduct energy well

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23
Q

What are non-renewable energy resources?

A

Resources that are used up faster than being produced

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24
Q

What are renewable energy resources?

A

Energy resources that will not run out

25
Q

Is fossil fuel renewable or non-renable?

A

Non-renewable

26
Q

What are the three types of fossil fuels?

A

Coal, oil (petrol/diesel) and gas

27
Q

What are fossil fuels used for?

A

To generate electricity

28
Q

What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A

They release CO2 and NO and SO2

29
Q

Why is carbon dioxide which is released by burning fossil fuels bad?

A

it will contribute to global warming

30
Q

Why are nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide which are released by burning fossil fuels bad?

A

They cause acidic rain which can damage plants, kill sea-life and corrode statues and buildings

31
Q

What are the advantages of burning fossil fuels?

A

It is a reliable energy source

32
Q

Is nuclear power renewable or non-renewable?

A

Non-renewable

33
Q

How is nuclear power generated?

A

Fission of nuclear fuel

34
Q

What are the disadvantages of nuclear power?

A

There are risks of accidents and it is difficult to dispose of nuclear waste

35
Q

What are the advantages of nuclear power?

A

It is a reliable energy source

36
Q

What are the advantages of wind power?

A

It is renawable and no pollution is produced

37
Q

What are the disadvantages of wind power?

A

It is unreliable as there is not always wind
Noisy
Spoils the view

38
Q

Name the types of renewable energy sources?

A 
Hydroelectric power
Wave power
Solar power
Wind power
Geothermal power
39
Q

Name the types of non-renewable energy sources

A

Fossil fuels and nuclear power

40
Q

How does solar power work?

A

Use sunlight energy to generate electricity

41
Q

What are the advantages of solar power?

A

It produces no pollution

42
Q

How does geothermal power work?

A

Use thermal energy from the earth’s core to generate electricity

43
Q

What are the advantages of geothermal power?

A

Reliable and no damage is being done to the environment

44
Q

How does hydro-electric power work?

A

Water moves through turbines which generate electricity

45
Q

What are the disadvantages of hydro-electric power?

A

Rotten plants will produce methane and CO2 which can cause global warming

46
Q

What are the advantages of hydro-electric power?

A

Produces no pollution

47
Q

How does wave power work?

A

Waves move up and down causing air to move through the turbine which generate electricity

48
Q

What are the disadvantages of wave power?

A

Unreliable
Spoil view
Disrupt sea animal habitats

49
Q

What is the advantage of wave power?

A

Produces no pollution

50
Q

What is tidal power?

A

Using tides to go through turbines and generate electricity

51
Q

What are the advantages of tidal power?

A

Produces no pollution
Renewable
Reliable

52
Q

What are the disadvantages of tidal power?

A

Destroy habitats and spoil the view

53
Q

What is biofuel power?

A

Using plants and animal dung to burn and generate electricity

54
Q

What are the disadvantages of biofuel power?

A

Destroys habitat

55
Q

Why was there an increase in energy use from 1900-2000?

A

Population grew

Industrial revolution

56
Q

Why was there a decrease in energy use from 2000 onwards?

A

Appliances are more efficient

People are more careful with amount of energy used

57
Q

What are the three reasons for using renewables?

A

Burning fossil fuels damages the environment
We need to think of things before non renewables run out
Government is pressurised unto introducing renawables

58
Q

What is the equation for specific heat capacity?

A

Energy transferred = mass x heat capacity x change in temperature

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