P1 Energy Flashcards
What are the different types of energy stores?
Kinetic Gravitational potential elastic thermal electrostatic magnetic nuclear chemical
What are the type of energy transfers?
Mechanical
Electrical
Thermal
Radiation (light and sound)
What is work done?
Energy transferred
What is a closed system?
A system where no energy or objects can move in and out
What is the equation for kinetic energy?
1/2 x mass x v^2
What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?
Mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height (m)
What is the equation for elastic energy?
1/2 x spring constant x extension^2
What is the conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred from one source to the other
What does it mean when energy dissipates?
Wasted to the surroundings
What is the specific heat capacity of an object?
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of object by 1 degrees
What is the equation of power?
Work done / time
Energy transferred / time
What are the units of power?
Watt
How do you calculate the efficiency?
Useful output energy / total input energy
What is conduction?
Process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles
What is convection
Where energetic particles move from hotter to cooler regions
What moves in conduction?
Energy transfers
What moves in convection?
Particles themselves
What are two ways to reduce unwanted energy transfer
Thermal insulation and lubrication
Lubrication prevents …
Energy dissipation from friction
Thermal insulation prevents …
Energy dissipation from heating
What are two ways to decrease how quickly building cools?
Make the walls thicker
Make the walls out of material which have low thermal conductivity
What does low thermal conductivity mean?
Don’t conduct energy well
What are non-renewable energy resources?
Resources that are used up faster than being produced
What are renewable energy resources?
Energy resources that will not run out
Is fossil fuel renewable or non-renable?
Non-renewable
What are the three types of fossil fuels?
Coal, oil (petrol/diesel) and gas
What are fossil fuels used for?
To generate electricity
What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?
They release CO2 and NO and SO2
Why is carbon dioxide which is released by burning fossil fuels bad?
it will contribute to global warming
Why are nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide which are released by burning fossil fuels bad?
They cause acidic rain which can damage plants, kill sea-life and corrode statues and buildings
What are the advantages of burning fossil fuels?
It is a reliable energy source
Is nuclear power renewable or non-renewable?
Non-renewable
How is nuclear power generated?
Fission of nuclear fuel
What are the disadvantages of nuclear power?
There are risks of accidents and it is difficult to dispose of nuclear waste
What are the advantages of nuclear power?
It is a reliable energy source
What are the advantages of wind power?
It is renawable and no pollution is produced
What are the disadvantages of wind power?
It is unreliable as there is not always wind
Noisy
Spoils the view
Name the types of renewable energy sources?
Hydroelectric power Wave power Solar power Wind power Geothermal power
Name the types of non-renewable energy sources
Fossil fuels and nuclear power
How does solar power work?
Use sunlight energy to generate electricity
What are the advantages of solar power?
It produces no pollution
How does geothermal power work?
Use thermal energy from the earth’s core to generate electricity
What are the advantages of geothermal power?
Reliable and no damage is being done to the environment
How does hydro-electric power work?
Water moves through turbines which generate electricity
What are the disadvantages of hydro-electric power?
Rotten plants will produce methane and CO2 which can cause global warming
What are the advantages of hydro-electric power?
Produces no pollution
How does wave power work?
Waves move up and down causing air to move through the turbine which generate electricity
What are the disadvantages of wave power?
Unreliable
Spoil view
Disrupt sea animal habitats
What is the advantage of wave power?
Produces no pollution
What is tidal power?
Using tides to go through turbines and generate electricity
What are the advantages of tidal power?
Produces no pollution
Renewable
Reliable
What are the disadvantages of tidal power?
Destroy habitats and spoil the view
What is biofuel power?
Using plants and animal dung to burn and generate electricity
What are the disadvantages of biofuel power?
Destroys habitat
Why was there an increase in energy use from 1900-2000?
Population grew
Industrial revolution
Why was there a decrease in energy use from 2000 onwards?
Appliances are more efficient
People are more careful with amount of energy used
What are the three reasons for using renewables?
Burning fossil fuels damages the environment
We need to think of things before non renewables run out
Government is pressurised unto introducing renawables
What is the equation for specific heat capacity?
Energy transferred = mass x heat capacity x change in temperature
