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Working scientifically > C1 - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table > Flashcards

C1 - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

What are the subatomic particles in an atom?

A

Neutron

Proton electron

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2
Q

What is the size of an atom?

A

0.1 nm

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3
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0

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4
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

+1

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5
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

A

-1

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6
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

Very small

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7
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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8
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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9
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons

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10
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The number of protons and neutrons

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11
Q

How many electron does an atom have?

A

The same as protons

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12
Q

What is the overall charge on an atom?

A

0

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13
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms that have the same proton number but different number of neutrons

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14
Q

What is an element?

A

Substances made up of atoms with the same atomic number

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15
Q

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass?

A

Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / total abundance

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16
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in fixed positions

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17
Q

What is a molecule?

A

When two or more non-metals are covalently bonded

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18
Q

Why does a chemical reaction need to be balanced?

A

Because there need to be an equal number atoms on both sides

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19
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance made up of different elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded to each other and can be serrated by physical methods.

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20
Q

How do we separate compounds?

A

By chemical reaction

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21
Q

In a mixture, do the substances keep their properties or are they changed?

A

They keep

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22
Q

Why should we draw the baseline in paper chromatography with pencil?

A

Because the pencil contains graphite which is not soluble in water so it will not smudge the results

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23
Q

Which substances in a sample are moved further in paper chromatography?

A

The ones that are more soluble in the solvent

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24
Q

Which substances in a sample remain at the baseline?

A

The insoluble substances

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25
Q

Why does the solvent need to be below the baseline?

A

Before the paper can even suck up the solvent, the sample will all dissolve in the solvent and nothing will rise up

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26
Q

What is the solvent front?

A

The distance that the solvent has travelled

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27
Q

How do you calculate the Rf value?

A

Distance travelled by the spot / distance travelled by the solvent

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28
Q

What will change the Rf value of a substance?

A

The solvent used

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29
Q

If you have a pure substance, how many spots are expected to be seen in the chromatography?

A

one

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30
Q

What are the different physical separation techniques?

A

Filtration, simple and fractional distillation, chromatography, crystallisation, evaporation

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31
Q

What is filtration used for?

A

To separate insoluble says from liquids

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32
Q

What is the solid left on the filter paper called?

A

Residue

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33
Q

What is the liquid that goes through the filter paper called

A

Filtrate

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34
Q

What is evaporation used for?

A

To separate soluble salts from liquids

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35
Q

Describe the developments in the atomic model

A 
Atoms are solid spheres
Plum pudding model
Nuclear model
Bohr's model
Nucleus has protons
Chadwick discovered neutrons
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36
Q

Why is the solid sphere model incorrect?

A

The atom is not a solid sphere but made up of loads of empty space

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37
Q

Why is the plum pudding model incorrect?

A

Electrons are not inside the nucleus

38
Q

Why is the nuclear model incorrect?

A

Because atoms contained shells

39
Q

What is another word for shell?

A

Energy level

40
Q

How many electrons can go in the first, second and third shell?

A

2
8
8

41
Q

What is the lowest shell?

A

The first one

The one that is closest to the nucleus

42
Q

How were the elements in the old periodic table arranged?

A

According to increasing atomic weight/mass

43
Q

How did Mendeleev arrange the elements in this Table of Elements?

A

He arranged elements according to their properties as well as atomic weight

44
Q

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his table?

A

Elements were not discovered yet

45
Q

What explained why elements cannot be strictly ordered by atomic weight?

A

The discovery of isotopes

46
Q

How are the elements in the modern periodic table arranged?

A

Increasing proton/atomic number

In Groups and Periods

47
Q

What does the Group tell you about the electronic structure of an element?

A

How many outer shell electrons it has

48
Q

What does the Period tell you abut the electronic structure of an element?

A

The number of shells

49
Q

Why do elements in the same group have the same chemical properties?

A

Because they have the same number of electrons in the outer shell

50
Q

Do metals form positive or negative ions?

A

Positive

51
Q

Do non-metals form positive or negative ions?

A

Negative

52
Q

How do metals gain a full outer shell?

A

By losing electrons

53
Q

How do non-metals gain a full outer shell?

A

By gaining electrons

54
Q

What does it mean when metals are more reactive?

A

They can lose the electrons more easily

55
Q

What does it mean when non-metals are more reactive?

A

They can gain electrons more easily

56
Q

Metals get more reactive towards…

A

as you go down the group

57
Q

Non-metals get more reactive towards…

A

as you go up the group

58
Q

What is the appearance of metals like?

A

Shiny

59
Q

What is the appearance of non-metals like?

A

Dull

60
Q

What is the strength of metal like?

A

Strong but malleable

61
Q

What is the strength of non-metal like?

A

Brittle

62
Q

What is the melting and boiling points of metals like?

A

High

63
Q

What is the melting and boiling points of non-metals like?

A

Low

64
Q

What is a better conductor of electricity, metals or non-metals?

A

Metals

65
Q

Name one exception of a metal that has low melting and boiling points

A

Mercury

66
Q

How does the reactivity of the Group 1 elements change as you go down the group?

A

Increases

67
Q

How do the melting and boiling points of the Group 1 elements change as you go down the group?

A

Decrease

68
Q

How does the relative atomic mass of the Group 1 elements change as you go down the group?

A

Increase

69
Q

Name properties of the Group 1 metals

A

They are softer than other metals
They are very reactive
They have lower melting points

70
Q

What is the charge on an ion formed by a Group 1 element?

A

1+

71
Q

What are the products of alkali metals with water?

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

72
Q

What are the products of alkali metals with chlorine?

A

Metal chloride

73
Q

What is the product of the reaction of alkali metals with oxygen?

A

Metal oxide

74
Q

What is another word for the Group 0 elements?

A

Noble gases

75
Q

Why are noble gases so stable?

A

They have a full outer shell of electrons

76
Q

How do the boiling points of Group 0 elements change as you go down the group?

A

Increases

77
Q

What is the state of Group 0 elements at room temperature?

A

Gases

78
Q

What is the colour of the noble gases?

A

Colourless

79
Q

What is the appearance of fluorine like?

A

Yellow gas

80
Q

What is the appearance of chlorine like?

A

Green gas

81
Q

What is the appearance of iodine like?

A

purple vapour

82
Q

What is the appearance of bromine like?

A

red-brown liquid

83
Q

How does the reactivity of the Group 7 elements change going down the group?

A

Decreases

84
Q

How does the molecular mass of the Group 7 elements change going down the group?

A

Increases

85
Q

How do the melting and boiling points of the Group 7 elements change going down the group?

A

Increase

86
Q

What is another word for Group 7 elements?

A

Halogens

87
Q

Are halogens monoatomic or diatomic?

A

Di

88
Q

Are noble gases mono or di atomic?

A

Mono

89
Q

What type of a bond do halogens form with non-metals?

A

Covalent

90
Q

What type of bond do halogens form with metals?

A

Ionic

91
Q

What is the charge on the ion formed from a halogen?

A

1-

92
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive halogen/element replaces a less reactive one

Working scientifically (5 decks)

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