✔ P.1 Chemistry: Properties & Change

Question 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Answer 2

elements

Question 3

substance consisting of 2+ different elements combined in a fixed ratio

Answer 3

compound

Question 4

elements that an organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce

Answer 4

essential elements

Question 5

required by organisms in minute quantities

Answer 5

trace elements

Question 6

basic unit of matter

Answer 6

atom

Question 7

center of an atom, packed with protons and neutrons

Answer 7

atomic nucleus

Question 8

same element, same # of protons, different # of neutrons (therefore different mass)

Answer 8

isotopes

Question 9

• # of protons in an atom
• specific to each element
• abbreviated “Z”

Answer 9

atomic number

Question 10

electrons that circulate the outer shell

Answer 10

valence electrons

Question 11

atoms share/transfer electrons, the “glue” that attracts and keeps atoms held together due to sharing of each atom’s electrons

Answer 11

chemical bonds

Question 12

2 or More atoms chemically bonded

Answer 12

molecule

Question 13

making or breaking of bonds

Answer 13

chemical reactions

Question 14

the starting molecules of a chemical reaction

Answer 14

reactants

Question 15

the final molecules of a chemical reaction

Answer 15

products

Question 16

subatomic particle located in the nucleus

Answer 16

protons and neutrons

Question 17

All atoms of an element have the same number of protons, but may differ in the number of ____. Those atoms of the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons are called ______.

Answer 17

• Neutrons
• Isotopes

Question 18

The chemical behavior of an atom is mostly determined by its ______.

Answer 18

electrons

Question 19

Why is the shape of a molecule important in Biology?

Answer 19

• Key to its function in a cell
• Key to brain function
• How the receptors recognize the necessary molecule
• Think of opiates and endorphins

Question 20

the energy associated with the relative motion of objects

Answer 20

kinetic energy

Question 21

kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms.
energy in its most random form

Answer 21

thermal energy

Question 22

a measure in degrees of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter

Answer 22

temperature

Question 23

thermal energy in transfer from one body to another

Answer 23

heat

Question 24

the amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1g of water by 1 degree C

Answer 24

calorie

Question 25

a liquid, homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances

Answer 25

solution

Question 26

substance dissolved in a solution

Answer 26

solute

Question 27

solution with water as the solvent

Answer 27

aqueous solution (aq)

Question 28

scale used to express acidity and basicity of substances

Answer 28

pH

Question 29

a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution

Answer 29

precipitate [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4soja4eu35o](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4soja4eu35o)

Question 30

a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance

Answer 30

chemical formula

Question 31

uses symbols to show us the relationship between the reactants and the products

Answer 31

chemical equation

Question 32

a chemical reaction in which heat is released to the surroundings

Answer 32

exothermic reaction

Question 33

a chemical reaction that reaction that requires heat

Answer 33

endothermic reaction

Question 34

the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another

Answer 34

law of conservation of energy

Question 35

a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up or changed very much

Answer 35

catalyst

Question 36

temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas at a given pressure (identifying characteristic at standard pressure)

Answer 36

Boiling Point

Question 37

the measure of mass of a substance per unit volume (identifying characteristic at standard temperature and pressure)

Answer 37

Density

Question 38

the ability to be formed or pulled into a wire or tube

Answer 38

Ductility

Question 39

the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures

Answer 39

heat

Question 40

the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid (identifying characteristic at standard pressure)

Answer 40

melting point

Question 41

able to be bended, shaped, or flattened or hammered flat

Answer 41

malleability

Question 42

one of the four states or conditions in which a substance can exist: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma

Answer 42

phase

Question 43

a change which occurs without changing the identity of the substance

Answer 43

physical change

Question 44

a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties

Answer 44

pure substance

Question 45

a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions

Answer 45

saturation

Question 46

having the ability to be dissolved in another substance

Answer 46

soluble

Question 47

in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves

Answer 47

solvent

Question 48

a measure of the amount of matter in an object

Answer 48

mass

Question 49

a solid in which all the atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern

Answer 49

crystal pattern

Question 50

process in which liquid water changes to water vapor with the addition of energy

Answer 50

evaporation

Question 51

a porous material through which a substance is passed in order to separate the fluid from suspended particulate matter

Answer 51

filtering

Question 52

a mixture that is not mixed evenly and each component retains its own properties

Answer 52

heterogeneous

Question 53

solid, liquid or gas that contains two or more substances blended evenly throughout

Answer 53

homogeneous

Question 54

the physical combination of 2 or more substances; can be separated by physical means

Answer 54

mixtures

Question 55

to separate and retain the coarse parts to remove lumps and large particles

Answer 55

sifting

Question 56

property of metal and alloys that allow heat or electricity charges to pass through the material easily

Answer 56

conductivity

Question 57

an element below and to the left of the stair-step line of metalloids; about 80% of the known elements are \_\_\_\_\_; _____ are shiny, good conductors, low specific heat, high melting points, malleable, and ductile

Answer 57

metals

Question 58

an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic numbers that demonstrates the periodic patterns that occur among the elements

Answer 58

The Periodic Table of Elements https: //pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/periodic-table/#view=table https: //ptable.com/#Properties

Question 59

a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

Answer 59

physical property

Question 60

the ability of an atom or molecule to undergo a chemical reaction with another atom, molecule or compound

Answer 60

reactivity

Question 61

the process in which one or more substances are changed into one or more new substances

Answer 61

Chemical change

Question 62

the reactants and products in the reaction that are contained to reduce error

Answer 62

Closed System

Question 63

not soluble; will not dissolve

Answer 63

Insoluble

Question 64

uneven distribution of charges across a molecule

Answer 64

polarity

Question 65

the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius

Answer 65

Specific Heat - low specific heat means a substance will heat up quickly

Question 66

the quality of water that makes it able to dissolve more substances than any other solvent

Answer 66

universal solvent

Question 67

A vertical column in the periodic table; also called a chemical family

Answer 67

group

Question 68

Row of elements

Answer 68

period

Question 69

An element that has some properties of metals and nonmetals

Answer 69

metalloids

Question 70

nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon are essential to life and are what type of elements

Answer 70

nonmetals

Question 71

Positively charged particle present in the nucleus of atoms

Answer 71

proton

Question 72

Neutral charged particle present in the nucleus of atoms

Answer 72

neutron

Question 73

Negatively charged particles that move about the nucleus in an electron cloud

Answer 73

electron

Question 74

The process in which some isotopes are unstable and decay into other isotopes; measured in half-life

Answer 74

radioactive decay