P1- Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter Flashcards
What happens to an atom if it loses an electron
Becomes a positive ion
What happens if an atom gains an electron
Becomes a negative ion
What is the drop and swap method
Write down the ions of the elements involved, drop the number and ignore the charge, swap the numbers over
What is a covalent bond
A bond between non-metals. It is the sharing of a pair of electrons
What is ionic bonding
Transfer of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal. Metal loses an electron making it positively charged and nonmetal gains an electron, making it negatively charged. The ions are held together by a strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged atoms
Do covalent bonds have a high or low boiling point
Low
Why do covalent bonds have a low boiling point
They have weak intermolecular forces between molecules which need little amount of energy to break
Do polymers have strong or weak forces
Strong intermolecular forces meaning they’re solid at room temperature
What is a polymer
A plastic made up of lots of single units called monomers that join together to from a long chain polymer
What are the particle diagrams
Dot and cross, displayed formula, ball and stick
Advantage of dot and cross diagram
Shows the bonding and which atoms the elements come from
Disadvantage of dot and cross diagram
Size of each atoms and how they are arranged in space
Advantages of displayed formula diagram
Shows bonds are single lines between atoms, good for showing how they’re bonded in large molecules
Disadvantage of displayed formula diagram
Doesn’t show which atoms the electrons have come from or the 3D structure
Advantages of ball and stick diagram
Tells us the atoms, the covalent bonds, the arrangement in space
Disadvantages of ball and stick diagram
Confusing for large molecules and doesnt tell us where electrons come fork
What is metallic bonding
Bonding in a metal, True, static attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised negative electrons
What are ions like in metallic bonding
in a regular pattern and they form crystals. They are giant lattices
Properties of metals in metallic bonding
Soft so they can slide over eachother, high melting point meaning string bonds so lot of energy needed to break, conduct electricity so have free electrons to move and carry charge throughout structure
What is an alloy
A mixture of at least two elements where at least one of these is a metal
What are the atoms like in a pure metal
All same size and arranged in a regular arrangement of layers meaning layers can slide over each other making it soft
What are particles like in a liquid
Close together, not regularly arranged, able to move a little
What are particles like in a solid
All close together and touch, regularly arranged, can’t move a lot, strong bonds
What are particles like in a gas
Lot of energy, randomly move around at any soled and direction
