P1- Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Flashcards
Define compound
Made from atoms of two or more different elements, chemically bonded together
Define element
A substance made from only one type of atom. They contain atoms that have the same number of protons
Define mixture
Consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically bonded together. The chemical properties of each substance in the mixture is unchanged and they can be separated easily
How do you write a chemical formulae
Metal always comes first when writing, group number order, wrote the element symbol for each element in the compound, each symbol starts with capital letter, if there is more than one atom of an element, write the number small and after element symbol
What is the charge of protons
Positive
What is the charge of electrons
Negative
What is the charge of neutrons
0/ Neutral
What is the relative mass of protons
1
What is the relative mass of electrons
Very little (1/2000)
What is the relative mass of neutrons
1
How is hydroxide represented
OH^-
How is carbonate presented
CO^2-
How is sulfate presented
S04^2-
How is nitrate presented
NO3^-
Define conservation of mass
The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants
What are the rules for balancing equations
please start by counting the number of atoms present, only large numbers can be added at the front of the elements/compounds, anything in brackets is affected by the small number, always re-check the atoms present once you have balanced the equation
What is filtration
The method of separating insoluble solids from liquids
An example of filtration
Sand can be separated from a mixture of sand and water using alteration. that’s because sand does not dissolve in water
What is distillation
The method of separating liquids by their boiling points, or separating a liquid from a solution. The liquid undergoes evaporation and condensing in this process
An example of distillation
water can be separated from salty water by simple distillation
What is crystallisation
The method of separating a soluble solid from a liquid
An example of crystallisation
The sulphate crystals can be separated from copper sulphate solution, using crystallisation.
What is chromatography
A method of separating and analysing a mixture of soluble chemical substances. it is good for separating dissolved substances that have different colours, such as inks and plant dyes