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Biology GCSE > P1 4.3.1. Communicable diseases (will come up) > Flashcards

P1 4.3.1. Communicable diseases (will come up) Flashcards

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1
Q

How can disease be prevented

A

Wash hands before preparing foods or after sneezing
Kill vectors with insecticides or destroying their habitats
Isolate the infected person
Vaccinations

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2
Q

What are pathogens

A

Microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease

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3
Q

What are the different types of pathogen

A

Bacteria
Virus
Protist
Fungal

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4
Q

How can pathogens be spread

A

Water
Air
Direct contact

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5
Q

Why do bacteria make us feel ill

A

They produce toxins which damage cells and tissues

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6
Q

Why do viruses make us feel ill

A

They live and reproduce in your cells which can cause damage and make the cells burst

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7
Q

Which pathogens reproduce rapidly in your body

A

Bacteria

Viruses

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8
Q

Symptoms of measles (VIRUS)

A

Red skin rash, fever. If complications arise it can be serious and lead to pneumonia or brain infection

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9
Q

How does measles spread (VIRUS)

A

Through droplets from an infected persons sneeze or cough

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10
Q

How is measles prevented (VIRUS)

A

Most young children are vaccinated against measles

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11
Q

How is HIV spread (VIRUS)

A

Sexual contact or exchanging bodily fluids eg blood

When needles are shared when taking drugs

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12
Q

Symptoms of HIV

A

Causes flu like symptoms

The virus attacks immune cells and when the immune system can’t cope with other infections or cancers it becomes AIDS

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13
Q

How can HIV be controlled

A

With antiretroviral drugs as they stop the virus replicating in the body (only works before AIDS)

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14
Q

Symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus

A

Mosaic pattern on leaves and parts of the leaves become discoloured

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15
Q

Why is tobacco mosaic virus bad

A

The discolouration of the plant means it can’t carry out photosynthesis as well, affecting the plants growth

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16
Q

Symptoms of salmonella

A

Fever
Stomach cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

17
Q

How do you get salmonella

A

Eating food thats been contaminated whilst being prepared in unhygienic conditions
Eating chicken that caught the disease whilst alive

18
Q

How is salmonella prevented

A

Most poultry is vaccinated against salmonella as it prevents it from catching the disease then spreading it to humans

19
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

Pain when urinating

Thick yellow or green discharge from vagina or penis

20
Q

How is gonorrhoea spread

A

Sexual contact, unprotected sex

21
Q

How is gonorrhoea prevented/treated

A

Condoms
Used to be treated with antibiotic penicillin however many strains are now resistant
Its treated with antibiotics

22
Q

How is gonorrhoea prevented/treated

A

Condoms
Used to be treated with antibiotic penicillin however many strains are now resistant
Its treated with antibiotics

23
Q

Symptoms of rose black spot

A

Purple or black spots develop on the leaves of rose plants
Leaves then turn yellow and drop off
Less photosynthesis can happen so the plant doesn’t grow very well

24
Q

How does rose black spot spread (FUNGAL)

A

Through the environment in water or by the wind

25
Q

How can rose black spot be treated

A

Using fungicides and stripping the plant of its affected leaves
The leaves need to be destroyed so it can’t spread to other rose plants

26
Q

Symptoms of malaria (PROTIST)

A

Repeating episodes of fever

Can be fatal

27
Q

How can the spread of malaria be controlled

A

Stopping mosquitos from breeding eg removing water sources
Sleeping under a mosquito net
Spraying exposed skin with insect repellent

28
Q

How does malaria spread

A

Mosquitos are the vectors
They pick up the malarial protist when they feed on an infected animal
Every time the mosquito feeds on another animal it infects it by inserting the protist into animal’s blood vessels

Biology GCSE (31 decks)

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