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Biology GCSE > P1 4.1.1 Cell structure (will come up) > Flashcards

P1 4.1.1 Cell structure (will come up) Flashcards

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1
Q

What do plant cells contain? (eukaryotic)

A

Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria. chloroplasts, ribosomes

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2
Q

What do animal cells contain (eukaryotic)

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

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3
Q

Relative size of of bacterial cells (prokaryotic cells)

A

0.2-2 micrometres (μm)

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4
Q

What do prokaryotic cells contain

A

Slime capsule, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, dna loop, flagella, plasmids, ribosomes

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5
Q

How is the nucleus related to its function

A

Contains genetic material, including DNA.

Controls the cells activities

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6
Q

How is the cell membrane related to its function

A

It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Holds the cell together

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7
Q

How are mitochondria related to their function

A

Where reactions for aerobic respiration take place

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8
Q

How is the cell wall related to its function

A

Supports and strengthens the cell (made of cellulose)

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9
Q

How are chloroplasts related to their function

A

Where photosynthesis occurs. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis

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10
Q

How are plasmids related to their function

A

Small closed rings of DNA

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11
Q

How are sperm cells specialised for their function

A

A long tail to help it swim towards the egg, lots of mitochondria which provide energy for swimming from respiration, enzymes in the head to digest through the egg cell membrane

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12
Q

How are nerve cells specialised for their function

A

They are long to cover more distance, have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body

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13
Q

How are muscle cells specialised for their function

A

The cells are long so they have space to contract, contain lots of mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for contraction

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14
Q

How are root hair cells specialised for their functions

A

They give the plant a big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil

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15
Q

How are xylem specialised for their function

A

They are hollow in the centre, they form a continuous hollow tube of dead cells by losing their end walls

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16
Q

How are phloem specialised for their function

A

They have very few subcellular structures so substances can flow through them

Small pores in end walls to allow the flow of cell sap

17
Q

What is cell differentiation

A

The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
As cells change they develop different subcellular structures and turn into different types of cells

18
Q

What do the phloem do

A

They transport the products of photosynthesis (sugars)

19
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm

A

Where chemical reactions happen

Contains enzymes that control these reactions

20
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

Where proteins are made in the cell

21
Q

Function of a vacuole

A

Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salt

Keep the cell turgid

22
Q

When do animal cells differentiate

A

At an early stage

embryo

23
Q

When do plant cells differentiate

A

Throughout their whole life

24
Q

What is cell division for in mature animals

A

Repair and replacement

25
Q

Differences between light and electron microscopes

A

Electron microscopes have a much higher magnification

Electron microscopes have a higher resolution

26
Q

Advantages of electron microscopes

A

You can see much smaller things in more detail such as subcellular structures eg ribosomes and plasmids

27
Q

Formula for magnification

A

Magnification = image size / real size

28
Q

How do bacteria multiply and how often

A

By binary fission

Every 20 minutes

29
Q

What is binary fission effected by

A

Temperature and the availability of nutrients (warm and lots of nutrients is ideal)

30
Q

Why must petri dishes and culture media be sterilised

A

To prevent contamination by unwanted microorganisms as they will affect your results and potentially result in the growth of pathogens

31
Q

How to sterilise inoculating loops

A

Pass them through a hot flame

32
Q

How should the petri dish be stored and why

A

With the lid lightly taped on - to stop microorganisms from the air getting in
It should be stored upside down - to stop drops of condensation falling onto the agar surface

Biology GCSE (31 decks)

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