P1 4.2.2 Animal tissues, organs and organ systems (will come up) Flashcards
What is the digestive system
An example of an organ system in which several organs work together to digest and absorb food
What is the optimum temperature for enzymes
37 degrees
What is the optimum pH for enzymes
It varies depending on where the enzyme works. For lots its pH 7 but not always. eg pepsin works in the stomach and its optimum pH is 2.
The structure function of enzymes
Enzymes have an active site which are complimentary to the substrate, an enzyme only works on one substrate. If the substrate doesn’t match the enzymes active site then the reaction wont be catalysed.
What is denaturation
The shape of the active site may change, meaning the substrate won’t fit.
This can happen if enzymes are exposed to high temperatures or extremes of pH
Where is amylase produced and what does it do
Amylase is produced in the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
It breaks down starch into simple sugars
Where are proteases produced and what does it do
Protease is produced in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine
They catalyse the conversion of proteins into amino acids
Where are lipases produced and what do they do
Lipase is produced in the pancreas and small intestine
They catalyse the conversion of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
What is the function of digestive enzymes
Digestive enzymes convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
What are the products of digestion used for
Build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
Some glucose is used in respiration
Where is bile made and stored
Its produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. (gets released into small intestine)
What is the function of bile and its pH
Bile neutralises the acid from stomach and makes conditions in the small intestine alkaline allowing the enzymes in it to work properly
Bile also emulsifies fat, it gives the fat a much larger surface area for the enzyme to work on so it speeds up digestion
Bile is alkaline
What conditions increase the rate of fat breakdown by lipase
Bile - alkaline conditions and large surface area of fat
What does the heart do and how does the heart pump the blood
The heart is an organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system. The walls of the heart are mostly made of muscle tissue which contracts to pump the blood
What is the structure of the heart (chambers)
It has 4 chambers (right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle) which it uses to pump blood around. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place. The left ventricle pumps blood around the
rest of the body.
