P+P chapter 5 English Civil War Flashcards
What was James I like as a king?
- became king in 1603
- first time Scotland and England shared a king
- spent a lot of money, leading to tension with parliament, who refused to raise taxes
- kept both Catholics and Protestants happy
When did Charles I become king and what did he believe in?
1625, he believed in the Divine Right of Kings. He believed he was appointed by God and should be free to make all decisions without parliament
What was the Eleven Years Tyranny?
Charles I dissolved parliament in 1629 for 11 years because they disapproved of his favourite, Duke of Buckingham
Why was King Charles declined money?
Parliament declined because they did not trust him. He could use the money to become independent from parliament
What was introduced in 1637?
Charles I introduced Ship Money to pay for the navy and made everyone pay, even those who lived in land. MP John Hampden refused and was taken to court and convicted
Why were there tensions over religion in 1600s?
Charles I was not a Catholic but married a French Catholic princess, Henrietta Maria. She became his advisor when Buckingham was killed in 1628, worrying the Church
Who was William Laud?
- made Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633
- was not Catholic but Arminian, believing people should worship similarly to Catholics
Who opposed Laud?
Parliament included many puritans who opposed Laudian reforms
Prynne, Bastwick and Burton wrote a pamphlet criticising Laud and had their faces branded and their ears cut off
What was the Star Chamber?
A substitute for parliament and court in Charles I rule
How did the Scottish rebellion start while Charles I was on the throne?
Scotland was Presbyterian, a type of Protestantism. In 1637, Charles insisted everyone use the Laudian prayer book. There were riots in St Giles’ Cathedral in Edinburgh, as Scots resisted the prayer book. In 1638, they signed a covenant, declining the prayer book and became known as the Covenanters
What happened in 1639?
Charles I sent an army to Scotland but the Covenanters defeated it. They then invaded England?
Why did Charles I call parliament in 1640?
After being dissolved for 11 years, Charles called parliament because he needed money to defeat Scotland. April 1640, parliament provided the funds only with conditions:
- don’t pass laws without parliament
- don’t raise unpopular taxes
- stop Laud’s religious changes
This parliament was called the Short Parliament as it only lasted a month after Charles declined their conditions
Who was Thomas Wentworth?
- The Earl of Strafford
- sent to keep Ireland under control as there were religious tensions
- parliament disliked him
- had a strong and loyal army
- encouraged Charles to rule without parliament
What was the Long Parliament?
Charles I called parliament in November 1640 to raise funds to defeat the Scots
What were the demands on the Long Parliament?
- Wentworth and Laud removed
- ministers appointed from parliament to advise Charles
- get rid of the Star Chamber
- parliament to meet regularly
- no taxes without parliament’s approval
- reversal of Laud’s reforms
Which demands of the Long Parliament did Charles I agree to?
- Strafford was executed and Laud imprisoned
- critics were appointed as advisors
- Star Chamber abolished
- parliament to meet every three years
- Long Parliament could be dissolved by Charles without their permission
- Ship Money was illegal
What happened when Wentworth returned from Ireland?
He returned in 1640, riots then broke out in Ireland. Thousands of Protestants were killed by Catholics. People in England thought Charles supported the rebellion and thought it was a Catholic plot
How did parliament deal with the Irish rebellion of 1640?
Parliament was willing to give money to suppress the rebellion as long as Charles was not in charge of the army. Charles refused and parliament took control of the army
Who was John Pym?
- leading opponent to Charles
- presented the Grand Remonstrance: a list of grievances
What was Charles I reaction to the Great Remonstrance?
He marched to parliament and arrested the Five Members who led the opposition
