P:5 Forces Paper 2 Flashcards
Write a Definition of Weight and Buoyancy?
- Weight is a Downwards force due to gravity.
- Buoyancy is a Upward force exerted on an object in a fluid.
Write a Definition of Friction and Tension?
- Friction is a Resistive Force due to 2 objects in contact.
- Tension is is a force created when an object is stretched.
Write a Definition of Magnetic Force and Electrostatic Force?
- Magnetic Force is a force created when 2 magnetic objects interact.
- Electrostatic Force is a force crested when object have different changres.
Write a Definition of Magnitude and Displacement?
- Magnitude means size.
- Displacement is the shortest straight-line distance and direction from an object’s starting point to its ending point.
Write a Definition of Velocity and Momentum?
- Velocity is speed in a given direction.
- Momentum is the force or speed of an object in motion or the increase in the rate of development of a process
Name the 2 Different Types of Quantities?
- 1) Vector.
- 2) Scalar.
Write a Definition of Vector and Scalar?
- Vector is a Quantity which has both magnitude and a direction.
- Scalar is a Quantity that has magnitude but no direction.
Name 6 Examples of vector quantities?
- 1) Force.
- 2) Mass.
- 3) Velocity.
- 4) Acceleration.
- 5) Displacement.
- 6) Momentum.
Name 5 Examples of scaler quantities?
- 1) Pressure
- 2) Power
- 3) speed
- 4) Volume
- 5) Mass
write a definitions of force and name the 2 different types of forces?
- Force is a push or a pull on an object caused by interacting with something.
- Forces can be contact or non contact.
Write a Definition of Contact force and name 4 examples of contact forces?
- Contact force is when 2 objects have to be touching for a force to act.
- For Example: Friction ,air resistant, tension, normal contact force.
Write a Definition of non-contact forces and name 3 examples of non-contact forces?
- non-contact forces are when objects do not need to be toughing for the force to act.
- For example: Magnetic force, gravitation force and electrostatic force.
What happens when 2 objects interact and what is it called?
- When 2 objects interact a force is produced on both objects.
- The force on the 2 objects are equal sizes but act in opposite directions.
- these 2 forces are called an interaction pair.
Name a Example of a interaction pair and what force acts on the example?
- a example of an interaction force is the gravitation force between the earth and the sun.
- A gravitation force acts on the earth attracting it to the sun.
How many laws did Isaac newton propose for motion?
- Isaac newton prospered 3 laws of motion.
What is Newton First Law?
- With no outside forces objects stay in 1 place or continue moving at the same speed and in the same direction.
What is Newtons Second Law?
- For a Given Mass the acceleration is proportional to The force applied.
- If you double the force you double the acceleration.
What is Newtons Third Force and what does it mean?
- For Every action (force) there is an energy and opposite reaction (Force).
- This means if you push something will push back just as hard.
Write a Definition of Centre of mass and how do you find the centre of mass in an normal object?
- The centre of mass is a point where all the weight can be considered to act from.
- To find the centre of mass you draw the lines of symmetry and when the lines intercepting that is the centre of mass.
How do you find the centre of mass in a irregular object?
- first make 2 point of suspension in your irregular object then hang it up on a cork screw and hang up your plum line the draw a straight line and do it aging with the other point.
Explain how the students can check if the position for the centre of mass is accurate?
- They can check if it balances on their hand.
Write a Definition of Resultant force?
- Resultant force is where you have to make sure the force on both sides is equal and it has a overall force.
Write down the equation for Resultant force?
- Resultant Force (N) = Mass (Kg) x Acceleration (m/s²)
In 5 Steps how do you find the resultant force of 2 forces?
- 1) Choose a suitable scale.
- 2) Draw one of the forces at the correct angle and length.
- 3) Draw the next force from the tail of the first one.
- 4) Measure a suitable angle.
- 5) Complete the parallelogram.
Name 5 Top tips when finding the resultant force?
- 1) The size of the arrow should tell us how big the force is.
- 2) The direction of the arrow tells you the direction in which a force acts (tail to tip)
- 3) Use a ruler and a pencil.
- 4) Protractors are also needed.
- 5) Students do not need to be able to do Pythagoras.
Write a Definition of acceleration and Deceleration?
- Acceleration is the change in velocity in a certain amount of time.
- Deceleration is when something slows down and its just negative acceleration.
Write down the equation for acceleration?
- Acceleration (m/s²) = Change in velocity (m/s) ÷ time taken (s)
Write down the equation for speed?
- Speed (m/s) = Distance (m) ÷ time (s)
Write a Definition of a distance-time graph and a velocity time graph?
- Distance-time graph is a graph to show motion. The gradient represents speed and the flat line represents stationary.
- Velocity- time graph is a graph to show motion. The gradient represents acceleration and the flat lines represents steady speed.
What are the standard units for speed in physics and how many metres are in a km?
- The standard unit for speed in physics is mph.
- There are 1,000 metres in a km.
Why can speed sometimes be measured in km/hr not m/s?
- Because there are lots of seconds in a metre.
What does the gradient show in a distance-time graph and what does the flat section show?
- The gradient shows speed so the stepper the graph the faster its going.
- The flat sections are where its stationary and its stopped.
What does the straight uphill sections show in distance-time graphs and what does the curves show is distance-time graphs?
- The straight uphill sections means it is travelling at a steady speed.
- The curves represent acceleration or deceleration.
- A Curve that is getting steeper means its speeding p (accelerating)
- a Levelling off curve means it slowing down (Decelerating)
What’s the equation for the gradient?
- Gradient = Change in vertical axis ÷ Change in horizontal axis
What does the gradient represent in a velocity-time graph and What do the flat sections represent?
- The gradient represents acceleration.
- The flat sections represent travelling at a steady speed.
The (_______________) the graph the Greater the (__________________) or (___________________)
- steeper, Acceleration and deceleration
What do the uphill and downhill sections represent and what does a curve mean?
- The uphill sections are acceleration.
- The Downhill sections are deceleration.
- the curve means changing acceleration.
Write a Definition of Inertia?
- Inertia is the tendency of objects to continue in their state of rest of uniform motion.
Explain the difference between weight and mass?
- Mass is the amount of matter that an objects has this does not change where you are.
Write a Definition of Mass and weight?
- Mass is the total amount of force acting on an object due to gravity.
- Weight is the amount of matter an object is made up of.
What is mass measured in and what happens to the value of mass if the location changes?
- Mass is measured in kilograms (kg).
- the value does change when an objects location changes.
What is Weight measured in and What happens to the value if the location changes?
- Weight is measured in newtons (N)
- The value does not change when an object location changes.
What’s the equation to work out weight?
- Weight (N) = Mass (Kg) x Gravitational Field strength (N/Kg)
What is the gravitational field strength on the earth?
- Around 9.8 N/Kg
What are both gases and liquids and what do objects experience when they move through fluids?
- Gases and liquids are both fluids.
- Objects moving through fluids experience drag.
What is Drag and how does drag act?
- Drag is the resistance you get in a fluid.
- Drag acts in the opposite direction to the movement of the object.
What is air resistance a type of and what does drag increases?
- Air resistance is a type of Drag.
- Drag increases as the speed of the object increases.
What happens when a object slowly stats falling and what does this means?
- When an object first stats falling the force of gravity is much larger than the drag slowing it down.
- This means the object accelerates.
when the speed increases what also increases and what does this reduce?
- As the speed increases the drag also increases.
- This reduces the acceleration until the drag is equal to the gravitation force.
Write a Definition of Terminal velocity?
- Terminal velocity is when the air resistance and weight are equal.
In 6 Steps how do you Investigate Acceleration (PRATICAL)
-1) Attach a toy car to a piece of string.
- 2) Loop the string around a pulley, with the other end attached to a 100 g mass.
- 3) The weight of the mass provides the force that accelerates the car.
- 4) Use a timer to measure the time taken for the car to pass each distance marker.
- 5) Draw chalk lines at equal intervals on the desk (e.g., every 10 cm).
- 6) Hold the toy car at the starting point, and when ready, release it.
Write a Definition of Thinking Distance and Braking Distance?
- Thinking Distance is how far the vehicle travels During the Drivers reaction time.
- Braking Distance is the Distance taken to stop under the braking force (once the brakes are applied)
Write Down The Equation for stopping distance?
- Stopping Distance = Thinking distance + Braking distance
Write a Definition of Reaction times and what will happen to the stopping distance of a vehicle if its heavier or if its travelling faster?
- The Reaction time is the time between the driver seeing a hazard and applying the brakes.
- The Heavier a vehicle is or the faster its travelling the Longer its stopping distance will be.
Name the 5 Things that Affect Thinking Distance?
- 1) Taking Drugs.
- 2) Drinking Alcohol.
- 3) Being Tired.
- 4) Using Mobile Phone.
- 5) Age.
What’s the Acronym to remember the 5 Things that affect thinking distance?
- T – Taking Drugs
- D – Drinking Alcohol
- A – Age
- U – Using a Mobile Phone
- A – Asleep
Name 5 Things that Affects Braking distance?
- 1) Bad weather conditions.
- 2) Speed.
- 3) Conditions of tyres.
- 4) Mass of vehicle.
- 5) Conditions of Roads.
What’s the mnemonic to remember this?
- Big - Bad Weather conditions
- Scary - Speed
- Trucks - Tyre Conditions
- Might - Mass of vehicle
- Crash - Conditions of Roads
- Big scary trucks might crash
What Does The word Elastic mean and Name 3 Things that are elastic?
- Elastic means something that returns to its original shape.
- Stress Ball , Hair bobble and a spring are elastic.
What Does hooks law State?
- Hooks Law states when a extension is Directly Proportional the force applied To all springs obey this law unless they are stressed.
What’s the Equation to work out The force of the spring?
- Force (N) = Spring Constant (N/m) x Extension (m)
In 8 Steps How do You investigate springs (PRATICAL) ?
- 1) Hang the spring from the clamp stand and let it hang freely.
- 2) Secure the clamp stand to the bench with a G-clamp.
- 3) Use two clamps to hold a ruler vertically near the spring for measurement.
- 4) Measure the spring’s initial length.
- 5) Hang the mass holder and check its mass and measure the new length.
- 6) Add 50g Weights Until it reaches 250g and measure the length each time.
- 7) Remove 50g at a time and measure the length after each removal.
- 8) Repeat until no mass remains and record all results.
