P:1 Energy Paper 1 Flashcards
Write a Definition of Energy Store?
- Energy Store Means by which an object stores energy.
Name the 8 Energy Stores and explain them?
- 1) Kinetic - Anything Moving has kinetic energy store.
- 2) Thermal - The Hotter the object the more energy in its store.
- 3) Chemical - Anything That Releases energy by a chemical reaction.
- 4) Gravitational Potential - any Object raised above ground level has this energy store in them.
- 5) Elastic Potential - anything stretched has this energy store in them.
- 6) Electrostatic - 2 charges that attract or repel each other.
- 7) Magnetic - 2 magnets that attract or repel each other.
- 8) Nuclear - The nucleus of an atom resales energy like this.
What’s The Acronym To Remember the 4 Ways energy can be transferred?
- M - Mechanically
- E - Electrically
- H - Heating
- R - Radiation
How do Objects mechanically transfer Energy and give a Example?
- This happens when a force does work on an object.
- For Example: a Force pushing an object along the floor.
How do Objects Electrically transfer energy and give a example?
- This Happens when a moving charge does work.
- For Example:When Current flows through a light bulb.
How do Objects Transfer Energy by Heating and Give a Example?
- When Energy is transferred from a hotter object to a colder object.
- For Example:When a Pan of water is heated on a hob.
Write a Definition of System?
- System is the Object or group of objects you are considering.
What Happens when a System Changes and Write a Definition of a Closed System?
- When a System changes the Way energy is stored changes.
- A Closed System is a system Where neither matter nor energy can enter or leave.
The Net Change in (______________________________) in a closed system is always (______)
- Total Energy and Zero
Give a Example of a Closed System and how is energy transferred?
- For Example: A Cold Spoon sealed in a flask of hot soup in a closed system.
- Energy is Transferred from the thermal energy store of the soup to the thermal energy store of the spoon by heating.
What is The Conservation of Energy Principle?
- Energy can be Transferred usefully stored or Wasted but can never be created or destroyed.
Write a Definition of a Force?
- Force is a Push or pull on an object caused by it interacting with something.
What Happens if a Force moves a Object and How is Energy then Transferred?
- If a Force moves an object then work is done.
- Work done is the same as energy transferred.
- So energy is transferred mechanically when a force moves and object.
(Example:a car slowing down) what will happen and how will energy be transferred?
- Friction acts between the cars brakes and its wheels.
- energy can be transferred mechanically from the wheels kinetic energy store to thermal energy of the surroundings.
How is Energy transferred into to Kinetic Energy store and How is it transferred away?
- Energy is Transferred To kinetic energy store When a Object speeds up.
- Energy is then transferred away from this store when an object slows down.
What unit is all energy stores measured in?
- Joules (J)
What’s the Formula For Kinetic Energy?
- 0.5 x Mass (kg) x (Speed)² (m/s)
How does Gravitational potential energy store Occur?
- All objects raised above the ground gain energy in their gravitational potential energy.
Whats The Equation for Gravitational potential?
- Mass (kg) x Gravitational field Strength (N/kg) x Height (m)
What Does the the conservation of energy say about gpe and kinetic energy?
- When a Object falls from the sky or a high place energy is lost from the GPE store and Energy gained in the kinetic energy store.
(_______________) or (______________) an object can transfer energy to its (_________________________________)
- Stretching,Squashing and Elastic Potential energy store.
Whats The equation for elastic potential energy?
- 0.5 x Spring constant (N/m) x (Extension)² (m)
How can Energy be Transferred by heating and what does it cause?
- As a material is heated energy is transferred to its thermal energy store.
- This causes its temperature to rise.
(For Example:boiling water in a kettle) how can energy be stored when the kettle is heated?
- 1) Energy is Transferred Electrically to the thermal energy store of the kettle heating element.
- Energy is then Transferred by heating to the waters thermal energy store.
- So the temperature of the water will increases.
What do Different materials need more of and how do they transfer energy?
- Some Material Need more energy to increase their temperature than others.
-These materials also transfer more energy when they cool down again. - They can store a lot of energy.
How can the amount of energy change a temperature of a product?
- The amount of energy Stored or released as a material change temperature depends on the specific heat capacity of the material.
Whats The equation for change in thermal energy?
- Mass (kg) x Specific heat capacity (J/kg℃) x Temperature Change (℃)
Write a Definition of Specific heat capacity?
- Specific Heat capacity is the amount of energy in joules needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1℃.
In 7 Steps how do you investigate the specific heat capacity of a solid block (PRACTICAL)?
- 1) Measure the mass of the block.
- 2) Wrap it in an insulating layer to reduce energy loss.
- 3) Measure the starting temperature of the block.
- 4) Turn on the power supply and start a stopwatch.
- 5) Record the potential difference of the power supply and current and they shouldn’t change at all.
- 6) After 10 Minutes take a reading of the block temperature.
- 7) Turn off the heater and work the temperature change and calculate the power of the heater.
What Happens to the current when you turn the power on and how is energy transferred?
- When you turn the power on the current the circuit does not work on the heater.
- Energy is Transferred electrically from the power supply to the heaters thermal energy store.
- and The energy is then transfer to the materials thermal energy store by heating.
What’s the Equation for Specific Heat capacity?
- Change in Thermal energy (J) ÷ Mass (kg) x Temperature change (℃)
What is Power and what does it mean ?
- Power is the rate of energy transfer.
- This means that power is how fast energy is traffeded or how fast work s done.
Whats power Measured in and what does the unit of power tell us about joules?
- Power is Measured in watts.
- 1 Watt = 1 joule of energy transferred per second
What’s the 2 Equation for power?
- 1) Energy transferred (J) ÷ Time (s).
- 2) Work done (J) ÷ Time (s)
Whats does a Power machine do and (give a example: cars racing)
- A Power machine transfers a lot of energy in a short space of time.
- For Example: 2 cars are racing both of them race the same distance he other car will win this is because it transfer the same amount of energy but in a shorter time.
What happens when energy is transferred between stores and what is this energy then?
- When energy is transferred between stores some energy is transferred to the store you want it in.
- This energy is usefully transferred.
What happens in an energy transfer and what does this mean and what is the energy often described as?
- But in any energy transfers some energy is always displasted.
- This means the energy is transferred to useless stores
- This energy is often described as wasted energy.
These Useless energy stores are usually (__________________________)
- Thermal energy stores
(For example:Using a Mobile phone) How will it transfer energy and How is energy wasted?
- When you use a mobile phone energy is transferred from the chemical energy store of the battery.
- some energy is usefully transferred.
- but some energy is dissipated to the thermal energy of the phone.
What happens when a material is heated and how is energy transferred?
- When part of a materials is heated that part of the material gains energy.
- This energy is then transferred across the material so that the rest of the materiel gets warmer.
Name 3 Ways Heat transfers thermal energy and the temperature rises or decreases?
- 1) Conduction.
- 2) Convection.
- 3) Radiation.
Write a Definition of Conduction and what state will it be used in?
- Conduction is when vibrating particles transfer energy to neighboring Particles.
- The state its used in is Solids.
Why is Conduction used in solids?
- Conduction is used is solid because the particles are Compact together and this means more collisions and the particles pass the energy on.
Write a Definition of Thermal Conductivity?
- Thermal Conductivity is a Measure of How quickly energy is transferred by conduction through a material.
What do materials with thermal conductivity transfer lots of and give a example of a material that has high thermal conductivity?
- Materials with a high thermal conductivity transfer lots of energy in a short time.
- For Example:Metals
what are materials with low thermal conductivity called and give 2 examples of a material that has a low thermal conductivity?
- Materials with low thermal conductivity are called thermal insulators.
- For Example:Plastics and fluids.
What do Thermal insulators reduce?
- Thermal Insulators can reduce unwanted transfers by heating.
Write a Definition of Convection and what state is Convection in?
- Convection is the transfer of heat through a fluid which is caused by molecule motion.
- Convection is Liquid and gases.
Give 3 Examples of Convection?
- 1) Ironing clothes.
- 2) Melting Butter.
- 3) Air Condition.
What happens to particles in convection?
- If we heat a container full of gas or liquid. the particles near the heat source would gain kinetic energy and then spread around and they would become less dense
What Happens to the dense particles and What happens to the cooler particles?
- Dense particles rise above colder less dense particles above them.
- And at the same time the cooler particles sink down.
What would happen to the cool and hot particles?
- The Hot Particles will lose energy cool down.
- then the cool particles at the bottom will heat up.
Write a Definition of a Convection Current?
- A Convection current is The movement Pattern in a Fluid Caused by Temperature Differences within fluid.
How do you stop Convection?
- You stop the free flow of fluids
What’s The Difference between Conduction and Convection?
- Conduction is Only the energy transferred.
- Convection is When the Particles move.
Heat energy can also Be Transferred without particles (___________________________)
- Travel through a vacuum.
What so all objects do and if a object is very hot what does that means in terms of radiation?
- All objects absorb and emit heat.
- The Hotter the object the more radiation is has.
Name 2 Ways to reduce the amount of energy wasted?
- 1) Lubrication
- 2) Insulation
