Oxygenation (W8) Flashcards
Afebrile
No fever
Antipyretic
Reduce fever
Apical Pulse
Mid-clavicular 5th intercostal space
Apnea
Stop Breathing
Arrhythmia / Dysrhythmia
Heartbeat with an irregular rhythm
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate, <60
Bradypnea
Slow breathing, <12
Cardiac Output
Amt of blood pumped into arteries
Core Temperature
Amt of heat in deep tissue/orga
Diastolic Pressure
Force when heart relaxes
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing
Eupnea
Normal Breathing 12-20
Exhalation / Expiration
Breathing out
Febrile
Fever
Hypertension
High BP. > 120/80
Hyperthermia
High body temp. > 99.5
Hyperventilation
Inc rate of breathing. Too much o2. >20
Hypotension
Low BP. < 120/80
Hypothermia
Low body temp. < 97.7%
Hypoventilation
Dec rate of breathing. <12
Inhalation / Inspiration
Breath in
Orthopnea
Type of dyspnea where easier to breathe sitting up
Orthostatic Hypertension
BP drops when standing up
Peripheral Pulse
Pulse from hand/legs
Point of maximal impulse (PMI)
Where pulse is most palpable
Pulse Deficit
Differ in pusle btwn apical and radial AKA lack of peripheral perfussion
Pulse Rhythm
Pattern of heart beat, time btwn beats, all consistant
Respiration
Inhale/Exhale. Normal 12-20 per/min
Stroke Volume
Amount of blood entering aorta at each contraction
Systolic Pressue
BP in when heart contracts
Tachycardia
Abnormaly fast heart beats. > 100 BPM
Tachypnea
Abnormal fast respiratory rate, > 20
Temperature
Differ btw heat made by body - lost in environment
Vital Signs
Measures physiological functioning
Temp., Pulse, Respirations, Blood Pressure, Pulse Oxygen, Pain
Acute Pain
Rapid onset and varies in intensity from mild to severe. Last 3-6 months
Chronic Pain
Limited intermittent or persistant pain that can last beyond normal healing. AKA more than 6 months
FLACC Scale
FACE, LEGS, ACTIVITY, CRY, CONSOLABILITY.
Measurement used to assess pain for children ages of 2m-7y or individuals that are unable to communicate their pain
Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
Asking the patient to rate his or her pain from 0 to 10
PAINAD Scale
Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia
Wong - Baker Face pain rating Scale
Scale that shows a series of faces ranging from a happy face at 0 “no hurt” - to a crying face at 10 “hurts like the worst pain imaginable”
Respiration System
- Gas Exchange
- Organs from base of diaphragm - apex above first rib
- R Lung 3 Lobes - Left lung 2 Lobes
- Pulmonary Ventilation, Respiration, Perfusion
Ventilation
Breathing - Breathing air in and out
Inhale - Active Exhale - Passive
Respiration
Gas Exchange - Occurs by diffusion after alveoli are ventilated
Diff of 02 from alveoli into pul blood vessels
Diff of C02 from PBV to Alveoli
Factors Influencing Diffusion of Gases in the Lungs
- Change in surface area available
- Thickening of alveolar-capillary membrane
- (Incomplete lung expansion or lung collapse- Atelectasis)
- Partial pressure
Perfusion
- 02 Transport from lungs to tissue
- 97% attach to hemoglobin in RBC
- 3% in plasma
Factors that affect perfusion
- Cardiac output
- The amount of blood flowing through the lungs
- Erythrocytes and hematocrit
- Activity level
Respiratory regulation
- Resp. center in medulla oblongata in the brain stem
- CO2 stimulates respiration
- Chemoreceptors
- Hypoxic drive
Hypoxia
A Condition of insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body
Hypoxia S/S
Early:
- Increased restlessness or light headedness, irritability, anxiety
- Confusion, tachypnea, tachycardia
- Rapid shallow respirations and dyspnea
- Flaring of nares, Decreased LOC
Late :
- Substernal or intercostal retractions
- Cyanosis, Bradypnea, Bradycardia
Cynaosis - A bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
- Hypoxemia - reduced oxygen in the blood
- Hypoventilation- Slow shallow breathes
- Under expansion of lungs leading to decreased o2 levels
- It may occur because of :
- Diseases of the resp. muscle
- Drugs or anesthesia - Hypercarbia or Hypercapnia - Increase CO2 in body
Altered Breathing Patterns Related to :
Rate, Rythm, Depth/Volume, Ease or effort of respiration
Altered Breathing Patterns r/t Rate :
Eupnea - nonlabored 12-20 BPM Tachypnea - abnormally fast <20 Bradypnea - abnormally slow >20 Apnea - Cease of respiration Kussmaul’s breathing - Abnormally deep breathing (strong inhale + exhale). R/T severe metabolic acidosis, seen with diabetic ketoacidosis. Body tries to rid of c02 (acid)
Altered Breathing Patterns r/t Volume :
- Hypoventilation - slow shallow breathing leads to high c02 / low 02 levels. Caused by disease or drugs
- Hyperventilation - fast shallow breathing leads to low c02 / high 02 levels. Exhale more than you inhale
