Oxygenation, Circulation, & Heat & Cold Therapy Flashcards
3 Ways to Promote Oxygenation
Positioning
Ambulating
Deep breathing and Coughing
What positions help promote oxygenation?
Fowler’s and Tripod/Orthopneic Position
How does ambulating help promote oxygenation?
encourages abdominal breathing which helps facilitate deep full breaths w/ minimal effort
pursed-lip breathing controls breathing and alleviates dyspnea
“smell the roses and blow out the candles”
increases lung capacity and encourages deep breaths
How does deep breathing and coughing help promote oxygenation?
opens up the lungs and increases gas exchange
What is the purpose of incentive spirometry?
decrease risk of pneumonia
increases gas exchange
loosens secretions
improve pulmonary ventilation
What is the procedure for incentive spirometry?
don’t use nose
hold breath for 6 seconds to see if they can hold their lung expansion
do 5-10 minutes for every 1-2 hours
10 breaths per set
Nasal Cannula
1-6 L/min
24-44% of oxygen
use for mild shortness of breath
also have high flow cannula
At what rate do you need to add humidity for any oxygenation device?
> 4 L/min
Simple Mask
4-8 L/min
40-60% of oxygen
may use for mouth breathers
may cause claustrophobic feeling
Venturi Mask
4-15 L/min
24-60% of oxygen
Most ACCURATE oxygen delivery
use for COPD patients (constriction of the airways)
Non-Rebreather Mask
10-15 L/min
100% of oxygen
use for patients in extreme respiratory distress
must have good fit
must have bag inflated with oxygen
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
blood clot in deep vein (typically in the back of the calves)
Pulmonary Embolus (PE)
blood clot in lungs
Risk Factors for DVT and PE (8)
bed rest/immobile
after surgery
hormone therapy (birth control)
smoking
truck drivers
obesity
coma patients
paralysis patients
Having a DVT increases the risk of what?
PE
DVT patient signs and symptoms
leg pain, warm, swollen, red
PE patient signs and symptoms
chest pain, hurt on inspiration, dyspnea, decreased O2 Sat, increased RR, HR, and BP
When should you not use compression?
DVT
cellulitis
wounds
PAD (peripheral artery disease)
Preventing DVT/PE (blood clots)
antiembolic stockings (TED hose) - compression stockings
intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices - ALP (alternating leg pressure), SCD, alternates squeezing the legs
anticoagulants - blood thinners (coumadin, heparin, lovenox)
If a patient has a blood clot, should you use compression?
NO because it could stop circulation or move the clot
What does heat application cause?
hot = swell (dilate)
vasodilation
increase swelling
increase capillary permeability
increase blood flow
may have SEDATIVE effect
increase perfusion of O2
What does cold application cause?
cold = constrict
vasoconstriction
decrease blood flow
decrease inflammation
decrease capillary permeability
may have local ANESTHETIC effect
Contraindications to heat and cold
neurosensory impairment (diabetic)
impaired mental status
impaired circulation
on open wounds
Contraindications to heat
after surgery
traumatic injury for up to 24 hours after
hemorrhage
skin disorders (grow in hot environments)
